Dataset Information

Preventive Management of Nonobstructive CAD After Coronary CT Angiography in the Emergency Department.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

This study sought to assess medical management of patients found to have nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) performed in the emergency department (ED).

Background

Contemporary recognition and management of nonobstructive CAD discovered on CCTA performed in the ED is unknown.

Methods

Patients undergoing CCTA in the authors' hospital's ED between November 2013 and March 2018 who also received primary care within the authors' health system were studied. All patients with nonobstructive CAD, defined as 1% to 49% maximum luminal stenosis on CCTA, were included, along with a control group without CAD in a 1 case:1 control fashion. Ten-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk prior to CCTA was estimated using the Pooled Cohort Equations. Management changes were recorded until 6 months after CCTA. Multivariate logistic regression tested the association between CCTA result and follow-up statin prescription, adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and baseline statin use.

Results

The cohort included 510 patients with nonobstructive CAD and 510 controls. Prevalence of statin prescription increased from 38.8% to 56.1% among patients with nonobstructive CAD (p < 0.001) and 18.0% to 20.4% among controls (p = 0.01), representing a 7.1-fold relative difference (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.4 to 23.0; p < 0.001) in multivariate analysis. However, 30.0% of patients with nonobstructive CAD and ?20% 10-year ASCVD risk were not prescribed a statin at the end of follow-up. Cardiologist evaluation was independently associated with statin prescription after adjustment for ASCVD risk factors (odds ratio [OR] 4.4; 95% CI: 2.4 to 8.5; p < 0.001). A Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System class 1 to 2 result was associated with lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 12.1 mg/dl at mean 1.9-year follow-up (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Incidental subclinical atherosclerosis on CCTA performed in the ED increases the likelihood of statin prescription, but opportunities to improve allocation of indicated preventive therapies remain.

SUBMITTER: Honigberg MC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6954346 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Preventive Management of Nonobstructive CAD After Coronary CT Angiography in the Emergency Department.

Honigberg Michael C MC Lander Bradley S BS Baliyan Vinit V Jones-O'Connor Maeve M Healy Emma W EW Scholtz Jan-Erik JE Nagurney John T JT Hoffmann Udo U Ghoshhajra Brian B BB Natarajan Pradeep P

JACC. Cardiovascular imaging 20190717 2 Pt 1

<h4>Objectives</h4>This study sought to assess medical management of patients found to have nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) performed in the emergency department (ED).<h4>Background</h4>Contemporary recognition and management of nonobstructive CAD discovered on CCTA performed in the ED is unknown.<h4>Methods</h4>Patients undergoing CCTA in the authors' hospital's ED between November 2013 and March 2018 who also received primary care ...[more]

PMID: 31326481

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Project description:OBJECTIVES:This study sought to determine prognostic value of nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events and to determine whether incorporation of this information into the pooled cohort equation reclassifies recommendations for statin therapy as defined by the 2013 guidelines for cholesterol management of the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA). BACKGROUND:Detection of nonobstructive CAD by coronary computed tomography angiography may improve risk stratification and permit individualized and more appropriate allocation of statin therapy. METHODS:This study determined the pooled hazard ratio of nonobstructive CAD for ASCVD events from published studies and incorporated this information into the ACC/AHA pooled cohort equation. The study calculated revised sex- and ethnicity-based 10-year ASCVD risk and determined boundaries corresponding to the original 7.5% risk for ASCVD events. It also assessed reclassification for statin eligibility by incorporating the results from meta-analysis to individual patients from a separate cohort. RESULTS:This study included 2 studies (2,295 subjects; 66% male; prevalence of nonobstructive CAD, 47%; median follow-up, 49 months; 67 ASCVD events). The hazard ratio of nonobstructive CAD for ASCVD events was 3.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.5 to 6.7). Incorporation of this information into the pooled cohort equation resulted in reclassification toward statin eligibility in individuals with nonobstructive CAD, with an original ASCVD score of 3.0% and 5.9% or higher in African-American women and men and a score of 4.4% and 4.6% or higher in Caucasian women and men, respectively. The absence of nonobstructive CAD resulted in reclassification toward statin ineligibility if the original ASCVD score was as 10.0% and 17.9% or lower in African-American women and men and 13.7% and 14.3% or lower in Caucasian women and men, respectively. Reclassification is observed in 14% of patients. CONCLUSIONS:Detection of nonobstructive CAD by coronary computed tomography angiography improves risk stratification and permits individualized and more appropriate allocation of statin therapy across sex and ethnicity groups.

Project description: ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine Syntax scores based on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and to assess whether heavy coronary calcification significantly limits the CCTA evaluation and the impact of severe calcification on heart team's treatment decision and procedural planning in patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) with or without left main disease.MethodsSYNTAX III was a multicentre, international study that included patients with three-vessel CAD with or without left main disease. The heart teams were randomized to either assess coronary arteries with coronary CCTA or ICA. We stratified the patients based on the presence of at least 1 lesion with heavy calcification defined as arc of calcium >180° within the lesion using CCTA. Agreement on the anatomical SYNTAX score and treatment decision was compared between patients with and without heavy calcifications.ResultsOverall, 222 patients with available CCTA and ICA were included in this trial subanalysis (104 with heavy calcification, 118 without heavy calcification). The mean difference in the anatomical SYNTAX score (CCTA derived-ICA derived) was lower in patients without heavy calcifications [mean (-1.96 SD; +1.96 SD) = 1.5 (-19.3; 22.4) vs 5.9 (-17.5; +29.3), P = 0.004]. The agreement on treatment decision did not differ between patients with (Cohen's kappa 0.79) or without coronary calcifications (Cohen's kappa 0.84). The agreement on the treatment planning did not differ between patients with (concordance 80.3%) or without coronary calcifications (concordance 82.8%).ConclusionsAn overall good correlation between CCTA- and ICA-derived Syntax score was found. The presence of heavy coronary calcification moderately influenced the agreement between CCTA and ICA on the anatomical SYNTAX score. However, agreement on the treatment decision and planning was high and irrespective of the presence of calcified lesions.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to determine whether noninvasive fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography (FFRCT) predicts coronary revascularization and outcomes and whether its addition improves efficiency of referral to invasive coronary angiography (ICA) after coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). BACKGROUND:FFRCT may improve the efficiency of an anatomic CTA strategy for stable chest pain. METHODS:This observational cohort study included patients with stable chest pain in the PROMISE (PROspective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain) trial referred to ICA within 90 days after CTA. FFRCT was measured at a blinded core laboratory, and FFRCT results were unavailable to caregivers. We determined the agreement of FFRCT (positive if ?0.80) with stenosis on CTA and ICA (positive if ?50% left main or ?70% other coronary artery), and predictive value for a composite of coronary revascularization or major adverse cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, or unstable angina). We retrospectively assessed whether adding FFRCT ?0.80 as a gatekeeper could improve efficiency of referral to ICA, defined as decreased rate of ICA without ?50% stenosis and increased ICA leading to revascularization. RESULTS:FFRCT was calculated in 67% (181 of 271) of eligible patients (mean age 62 years; 36% women). FFRCT was discordant with stenosis in 31% (57 of 181) for CTA and 29% (52 of 181) for ICA. Most patients undergoing coronary revascularization had an FFRCT of ?0.80 (91%; 80 of 88). An FFRCT of ?0.80 was a significantly better predictor for revascularization or major adverse cardiac events than severe CTA stenosis (HR: 4.3 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4 to 8.9] vs. 2.9 [95% CI: 1.8 to 5.1]; p = 0.033). Reserving ICA for patients with an FFRCT of ?0.80 could decrease ICA without ?50% stenosis by 44%, and increase the proportion of ICA leading to revascularization by 24%. CONCLUSIONS:In this hypothesis-generating study of patients with stable chest pain referred to ICA from CTA, an FFRCT of ?0.80 was a better predictor of revascularization or major adverse cardiac events than severe stenosis on CTA. Adding FFRCT may improve efficiency of referral to ICA from CTA alone.

Project description:AimsCoronary computed tomography angiography is increasingly employed in the emergency department for suspected acute coronary syndrome patients. The HEART score has been proposed for initial risk stratification in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value and efficiency of the HEART score before coronary computed tomography angiography.Methods and resultsWe included patients suspected of acute coronary syndrome who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography in the emergency department. Based on the HEART score, patients were stratified as low-risk (HEART≤3), intermediate-risk (HEART4-6) and high-risk (HEART≥7). We assessed coronary computed tomography angiography for the presence of significant coronary artery disease (>50% stenosis). The primary outcome, the level of major adverse cardiac events, was a composite endpoint of all-cause mortality, acute coronary syndrome or coronary revascularisation within 30 days. The study population consisted of 340 patients (mean age: 55.6±10.1 years, 44.7% women), major adverse cardiac events occurred in 45 (13.2%) patients. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events in patients stratified as low-risk (35.0%), intermediate-risk (56.8%) and high-risk (8.2%) was 3.4%, 12.4% and 60.7%, respectively. All four low-risk patients with major adverse cardiac events had a HEART score of three. An algorithm where coronary computed tomography angiography is reserved for patients with HEART 3-6 resulted in a sensitivity of 97.8%, specificity of 84.1%, negative predictive value of 99.6% and positive predictive value of 48.4%, while reducing the need for coronary computed tomography angiography by 22% (n=75).ConclusionThe predictive value of coronary computed tomography angiography for 30-day major adverse cardiac events in suspected acute coronary syndrome patients is good, and reserving coronary computed tomography angiography for HEART score 3-6 patients reduces the number of needed coronary computed tomography angiograms without affecting diagnostic accuracy.

Project description:PurposeTo determine the impact of low tube voltage coronary CT angiography on detection of subclinical atherosclerosis.Materials and methodsRetrospective sampling of an emergency department coronary CT angiography registry was performed. All patients in the registry underwent a noncontrast coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring scan at 120 kV before coronary CT angiography. The study sample (n = 264) constituted patients with subclinical atherosclerosis (Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System™ [CAD-RADS] 1 or 2) randomly mixed one-to-one with patients without atherosclerosis (CAD-RADS 0). The patients with coronary CT angiography performed at 70-90 kV were considered the low tube voltage group (n = 159) and patients with coronary CT angiography performed at 100-120 kV were considered the standard tube voltage group (n = 105). The number of coronary plaques and overall CAD-RADS classification (per patient) were evaluated twice: initially, by reading coronary CT angiography alone, and then, by coronary CT angiography in combination with a CAC scan. Considering the combined reading (CT angiography plus CAC scan) as the reference standard, the performance of coronary CT angiography alone was assessed for plaque detection and appropriate CAD-RADS (per patient) classification. The comparisons were made between the low tube voltage and standard tube voltage groups by using a Fisher exact test and χ2 test for proportions and a Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test for means.ResultsIn total, 455 plaques were identified in 118 patients (70 of 159 patients in the low tube voltage group; 48 of 105 in the standard tube voltage group). When reading coronary CT angiographic images alone, 97 of 455 (21%) plaques were missed that led to an incorrect CAD-RADS classification in 16 of 264 (6%) studies (interpreted as CAD-RADS 0 instead of CAD-RADS 1 or 2). Missed plaques were significantly more frequent in the low tube voltage group versus the standard tube voltage group (41% [85 of 206] vs 5% [12 of 249], respectively; P < .001). Incorrect CAD-RADS classification was also seen more commonly in the low tube voltage group (8.8% [14 of 159] vs 2% [two of 105]; P = .01), typically at low plaque burden (median CAC score, 1; range, 1-4). Calcified plaques that appeared isodense to luminal contrast material attenuation were seen more frequently in the low tube voltage group compared with the standard tube voltage group (20% [32 of 159] vs 7.6% [eight of 105], respectively; P = .005).ConclusionCoronary artery plaques may be missed at low tube voltage coronary CT angiographic examination performed without a concomitant CAC scan.© RSNA, 2019Supplemental material is available for this article.See also the commentary by Truong in this issue.

Dataset Information

Preventive Management of Nonobstructive CAD After Coronary CT Angiography in the Emergency Department.

Objectives

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Preventive Management of Nonobstructive CAD After Coronary CT Angiography in the Emergency Department.

Similar Datasets

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