Dataset Information

Hypertension in Relation to Dioxins and Polychlorinated Biphenyls from the Anniston Community Health Survey Follow-Up.

ABSTRACT:

Background

In 2014, we conducted a longitudinal study [Anniston Community Health Survey (ACHS II)] 8 y after the baseline (ACHS I).

Objectives

We investigated the relationship between persistent chlorinated compounds and hypertension in residents living around the former polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) production plant in Anniston, Alabama. We also examined the potential role of inflammatory cytokines in those with hypertension.

Methods

A total of 338 participants had their blood pressure measured and medications recorded, gave a blood sample, and completed a questionnaire. Prevalent hypertension was defined as taking antihypertensive medication or having systolic blood pressure >140?mmHg and/or diastolic pressure >90?mmHg; incident hypertension used similar criteria in those who developed hypertension since the baseline in 2005-2007. PCB congeners were categorized into structure-activity groups, and toxic equivalencies (TEQs) were calculated for dioxin-like compounds. Descriptive statistics, logistic and linear regressions, as well as Cox proportional hazard models, were used to analyze the associations between exposures and hypertension.

Results

Prevalent hypertension (78%) in ACHS II showed statistically significant adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for PCBs 74, 99, 138, 153, 167, 177, 183, and 187, ranging from 2.18 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 4.33] to 2.76 (95% CI: 1.14, 6.73), as well as for two estrogenic-like PCB groups, and the thyroid-like group [ORs ranging from 2.25 (95% CI: 1.07, 4.75) to 2.54 (95% CI: 1.13, 5.74)]. Furthermore, analysis of quartiles demonstrated a monotonic relationship for dioxin-like non-ortho (non-o)-PCB TEQs [fourth vs. first quartile: 3.66 (95% CI: 1.40, 9.56)]. Longitudinal analyses of incident hypertension supported those positive associations. The results were strongest for the di-o-PCBs [hazard?ratio?(HR)=1.93 (95% CI: 0.93, 4.00)] and estrogenic II PCB group [HR=1.90 (95% CI: 0.96, 3.78)] but were weaker for the dioxin TEQs.

Discussion

Findings supportive of positive associations were reported for dioxin-like mono-o- and non-o-PCBs as well as for nondioxin-like estrogenic and thyroid-like congeners with prevalent and incident hypertension, suggesting that multiple pathways may be involved in hypertension development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5272.

SUBMITTER: Pavuk M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6957279 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Hypertension in Relation to Dioxins and Polychlorinated Biphenyls from the Anniston Community Health Survey Follow-Up.

Pavuk Marian M Serio Tara C TC Cusack Caroline C Cave Matt M Rosenbaum Paula F PF Birnbaum Linda S LS

Environmental health perspectives 20191220 12

<h4>Background</h4>In 2014, we conducted a longitudinal study [Anniston Community Health Survey (ACHS II)] 8 y after the baseline (ACHS I).<h4>Objectives</h4>We investigated the relationship between persistent chlorinated compounds and hypertension in residents living around the former polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) production plant in Anniston, Alabama. We also examined the potential role of inflammatory cytokines in those with hypertension.<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 338 participants had their ...[more]

PMID: 31858832

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Project description:BackgroundPolychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposures have been associated with liver injury in human cohorts, and steatohepatitis with liver necrosis in model systems. MicroRNAs (miRs) maintain cellular homeostasis and may regulate the response to environmental stress.ObjectivesWe tested the hypothesis that specific miRs are associated with liver disease and PCB exposures in a residential cohort.MethodsSixty-eight targeted hepatotoxicity miRs were measured in archived serum from 734 PCB-exposed participants in the cross-sectional Anniston Community Health Survey. Necrotic and other liver disease categories were defined by serum keratin 18 (K18) biomarkers. Associations were determined between exposure biomarkers (35 ortho-substituted PCB congeners) and disease biomarkers (highly expressed miRs or previously measured cytokines), and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed.ResultsThe necrotic liver disease category was associated with four up-regulated miRs (miR-99a-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-192-5p, and miR-320a) and five down-regulated miRs (let-7d-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-197-3p, and miR-221-3p). Twenty-two miRs were associated with the other liver disease category or with K18 measurements. Eleven miRs were associated with 24 PCBs, most commonly congeners with anti-estrogenic activities. Most of the exposure-associated miRs were associated with at least one serum hepatocyte death, pro-inflammatory cytokine or insulin resistance bioarker, or with both. Within each biomarker category, associations were strongest for the liver-specific miR-122-5p. Pathways of liver toxicity that were identified included inflammation/hepatitis, hyperplasia/hyperproliferation, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumor protein p53 and tumor necrosis factor α were well integrated within the top identified networks.DiscussionThese results support the human hepatotoxicity of environmental PCB exposures while elucidating potential modes of PCB action. The MiR-derived liquid liver biopsy represents a promising new technique for environmental hepatology cohort studies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9467.

Project description:Serum concentrations of 35 ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) were measured in 765 adults from Anniston, Alabama, where PCBs were manufactured between 1929 and 1971. As part of the Anniston Community Health Survey (ACHS), demographic data, questionnaire information, and blood samples were collected from participants in 2005-2007. Forty-six percent of study participants were African-American, 70% were female, and the median age was 56 years. The median concentration of the sum of 35 PCB congeners (ΣPCBs) was 528 ng/g lipid, with a 90th percentile of 2,600 ng/g lipid, minimum of 17.0 ng/g lipid, and maximum of 27,337 ng/g lipid. The least square geometric mean ΣPCBs was more than 2.5 times higher for African-American participants than for White participants (866 ng/g lipid vs. 331 ng/g lipid); this difference did not change materially after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and current smoking. In spite of large differences in absolute PCB levels, relative contributions of individual congeners to ΣPCBs were quite similar between race groups. Nevertheless, while percent contributions to ΣPCBs for most of the most abundant penta- to heptachlorobiphenyls were higher among African-Americans, the percentages were higher in Whites for the lower-chlorinated PCBs 28 and 74 and for octa- to decachlorinated PCBs. No major differences were observed in geometric mean ΣPCBs between women and men when adjusted for age, race, BMI and current smoking (516 ng/g lipid vs. 526 ng/g lipid). Principal component analysis revealed groups of co-varying congeners that appear to be determined by chlorine substitution patterns. These congener groupings were similar between ACHS participants and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-04 sample of the general United States population, despite ACHS participants having serum concentrations of ΣPCBs two to three times higher than those in comparable age and race groups from NHANES.

Project description:The 2014 follow-up of the Anniston Community Health Survey (ACHS II) consisted of 338 surviving participants from the 2005-2007 baseline study (ACHS) who had previous polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) measurements, were not pregnant, and were not institutionalized. Questionnaires and blood samples provided the demographic, personal history, and chemical concentration data of the Anniston residents. Approximately 51% of participants were African American, 72% were female, and the mean age was 63 years old. The objectives of this study were to provide an exposure assessment of dioxin-like chemicals in the ACHS II participants and compare the measurements with the general United States (U.S.) population via the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Stratified analyses revealed significantly higher average total dioxin toxic equivalencies (TEQs) among African Americans compared to Whites (33.1 vs. 19.2 pg/g lipid), and in females compared to males (29.8 vs. 17.0 pg/g lipid). When adjusting for age, sex, and race in linear regression, we found ACHS II participants to have significantly higher total dioxin TEQ than the general 2014 U.S. population that we estimated for using half-life and NHANES 2003/04 data (most recent NHANES individual samples data), by 16.7 pg/g lipid. Principal component analyses showed that non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs were separated from the other dioxin-like chemicals among the Anniston residents, whereas the chemicals were all clustered together for estimated NHANES 2014. The concentrations of dioxin-like chemicals, especially non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs, in Anniston residents who resided near the former PCB production plant were higher than those in the general U.S.PopulationAlthough data strongly supported this difference, these inferences are limited because NHANES 2013/14 data were unavailable and we used estimated NHANES 2014 levels that we imputed from NHANES 2003/04 data in conjunction with half-life values estimated from Milbrath et al., 2009.

Project description:High-fat food intake is the main source of dioxin-like compounds for humans, such as consumption of meat, dairy and eggs, and seafood products. Fruits, vegetables, and cereals have relatively low levels of dioxin-like compounds, but because of high consumption they also contribute to the food-borne intake. It is necessary to clarify dietary dioxin exposure affected by different food contamination levels and dietary habits among different geographic areas. We aimed to evaluate chronic dietary PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs exposure in 725 individual foods in 14 categories in 6 Taiwan air quality regions (AQRs) and a total of 2441 foods from 2004 to 2018. We estimated daily PCDD/Fs + DL-PCBs intake on the basis of sex- and age-specific foodstuff ingestion rate and PCDD/Fs+ DL-PCBs concentrations using a probabilistic approach. PCDD/F+ DL-PCB levels among the different sampling periods exhibited a decreasing trend in fish and aquatic products (from 0.384 ± 0.764 to 0.206±0.223pgWHO05-TEQg-1 w.w.) (p for trend=0.043), livestock products (from 0.133±0.298 to 0.035±0.043 pgWHO05-TEQ g-1 w.w.), eggs (from 0.221 ± 0.373 to 0.056 ± 0.048 pgWHO05-TEQ g-1 w.w.) (p for trend = 0.002), and dairy samples (from 0.066 ± 0.075 to 0.024 ± 0.026 pgWHO05-TEQ g-1 w.w.) (p for trend= 0.001). All lifetime average daily doses (LADD) were below provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI) but higher than the TWI for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in food. The percentages of the contribution of each food group to the total dietary intake of TEQPCDD/F+PCB in different ambient air dispersion areas and age groups. The total daily intake of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs by Taiwanese differed between AQRs (0.188-0.397 pgWHO05-TEQ kg-1 b.w. day-1). The observed geographical variations were likely due to differences in food habits, cuisines, culture and levels of environmental contamination among various regions in Taiwan. By sensitivity analysis, we have identified the major contribution to LADD, which was the dioxin levels in marine fish, fresh water fish and fish related products, and followed by dioxin levels in duck eggs. In addition, marine and freshwater fish consumption rate accounts more than 10.2%. These major exposure variables was also consistent with the findings of total daily intake in different AQRs.

Project description:BackgroundAnniston, Alabama, is the site of a former Monsanto plant where polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were manufactured from 1929 until 1971. Residents of Anniston are known to have elevated levels of PCBs. The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that levels of the various lipid components (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides) are differentially associated with concentrations of total PCBs and total pesticides, and further that different congeners, congener groups and different pesticides do not have identical associations in serum samples obtained from Anniston residents in a cross-sectional study.MethodsFasting serum samples were obtained from 575 residents of Anniston who were not on any lipid-lowering medication and were analyzed for 35 PCB congeners, nine chlorinated pesticides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Associations between toxicant concentrations and lipid levels were determined using multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsWe observed that elevated serum concentrations of lipids were associated with elevated serum concentrations of ΣPCBs and summed pesticides in analyses adjusted for age, race, gender, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking and exercising status. The strongest associations were seen for PCB congeners with three, four, or at least eight substituted chlorines. Mono-ortho substituted congeners 74 and 156, di-ortho congeners 172 and 194, and tri- and tetra-ortho congeners 199, 196-203, 206 and 209 each were significantly associated with total lipids, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Serum concentrations of HCB and chlordane also had strong associations with lipid components.ConclusionsIncreased concentrations of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides are associated with elevations in total serum lipids, total cholesterol and triglycerides, but the patterns are different for different groups of PCBs and different pesticides. These observations show selective effects of different organochlorines on serum concentrations of different groups of lipids. This elevation in concentrations of serum lipids may be the basis for the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease found in persons with elevated exposures to PCBs and chlorinated pesticides.

Dataset Information

Hypertension in Relation to Dioxins and Polychlorinated Biphenyls from the Anniston Community Health Survey Follow-Up.

Background

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Publications

Hypertension in Relation to Dioxins and Polychlorinated Biphenyls from the Anniston Community Health Survey Follow-Up.

Similar Datasets

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