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Antimalarial potentials of Stemonocoleus micranthus Harms (leguminoseae) stem bark in Plasmodium berghei infected mice.

ABSTRACT: Background:Malaria is a leading cause of death in Nigeria. Aim:Antimalarial activity of Stemonocoleus micranthus stem bark was evaluated in mice with an objective to finding scientific evidence for its use as antimalarial remedy in South-east Nigeria. Methods:Antiplasmodial activities of hydro-methanolic extract and solvent fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous) of S. micranthus stem bark against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei infected mice were determined using suppressive and curative procedures. Chloroquine was used as positive control. In vitro models, DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and TPC (total phenolic content) were used to assay antioxidant activity of the test samples. Phytoconstituents of the active fractions were analysed by GC-MS. Results:Chemosuppressive effect exerted by extract (50, 100, 200, 400?mg?kg-1) and fractions (20, 40, 80?mg?kg-1) ranged between 54.14 - 67.73% and 59.41-94.51% respectively. Curative effects was also dose dependent. In both models, ethyl acetate was the active fraction. At low doses the animals lived longer but not protected (D0 - D29). At high doses, extract (400?mg?kg-1), active fractions (80?mg?kg-1) and chloroquine (5?mg?kg-1) the animals were fully protected.The extract and fractions exhibited antioxidant potentials which could have contributed individually or synergistically to antimalarial activities reported in this study. Oral LD50 was estimated to be greater than 4000?mg?kg-1, in mice. Conclusion:The results of this study may have provided support on traditional therapeutic use of the plant in treatment of malaria.

SUBMITTER: Orabueze CI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6957798 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Antimalarial potentials of <i>Stemonocoleus micranthus</i> Harms (leguminoseae) stem bark in <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> infected mice.

Orabueze Celestina I CI Ota Duncan A DA Coker Herbert A HA

Journal of traditional and complementary medicine 20190307 1

<h4>Background</h4>Malaria is a leading cause of death in Nigeria.<h4>Aim</h4>Antimalarial activity of <i>Stemonocoleus micranthus</i> stem bark was evaluated in mice with an objective to finding scientific evidence for its use as antimalarial remedy in South-east Nigeria.<h4>Methods</h4>Antiplasmodial activities of hydro-methanolic extract and solvent fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous) of <i>S. micranthus</i> stem bark against chloroquine-sensitive <i>Plasmodium berghei</ ...[more]

PMID: 31956560

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Project description:BackgroundGardenia ternifolia is utilized in traditional medicine of Ethiopia for malaria treatment and possessing in vitro antimalarial activity. However, no in vivo study was conducted to substantiate the claim. The aim of this study was to judge the antimalarial activity of Gardenia ternifolia extract in vivo in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.MethodsPlasmodium berghei was inoculated to healthy mice, and hydromethanolic crude extract and chloroform fraction of G. ternifolia leaves at 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day were administered. Percent parasitemia inhibition, percent change in bodyweight, hemoglobin level, and mean survival time were determined. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey HSD test with IBM SPSS software version 20.0 statistical package and P < 0.05 considered as statistically significant.ResultsThe chemosuppressive test of hydromethanolic crude extract at 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day ranged from 27.09% to 67.72%, and chloroform fraction had 35.21%-78.19% parasitemia suppression, respectively. For curative test on day 5, hydromethanolic crude extract at 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day ranged from 25.58% to 48.76%, chloroform fraction at 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day and chloroquine base at 10 mg/kg showed 46.36%-74.42% and 92.87% percent parasitemia inhibition, respectively, and also the results to both tests were highly significant (P < 0.001) compared to the negative control. Maximum effects on chemosuppressive, curative, prevention of weight loss, and reduction in hemoglobin were observed at higher doses of the hydromethanolic crude extract and chloroform fraction.ConclusionFrom this study, hydromethanolic crude extract and chloroform fraction of G. ternifolia leaves have shown promising antimalarial activity. The findings support the traditional claim of G. ternifolia leaves for malaria treatment; however, species variation could also limit such a straightforward extrapolation of the findings of this study in humans.

Project description:Background:Malaria is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Moreover, the emergence of resistance to antimalarial drugs is a major problem in controlling the disease. This makes the development of novel antimalarial drugs a necessity. Medicinal plants are important sources in discovering antimalarial drugs. Schinus molle is claimed for its antimalarial effect in Ethiopian folkloric medicine and endowed with in vitro antiplasmodial activity. In the present study, the in vivo antimalarial activity of the plant was investigated. Methods:Acute toxicity was carried out using a standard procedure. To screen the in vivo antimalarial activity of the plant was investigated. S. molle against Plasmodium berghei (ANKA), a 4-day suppressive test was employed. The extracts and fractions were given to infected mice by oral gavage at 100, 200, and 400?mg/kg/day for four consecutive days. Parameters such as parasitemia were then evaluated. Results:Any sign of toxicity was not observed in the oral acute toxicity test. The crude extracts and solvent fractions exerted a significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of parasite load compared to the negative control. The highest inhibition (66.91%) was exhibited by the 400?mg/kg/day dose of 80% methanolic crude extract. Among the fractions, chloroform fraction demonstrated maximal chemosuppressive effect (55.60%). Moreover, crude extracts and solvent fractions prevented body weight loss, reduction in temperature, and anemia compared to the negative control. Except the aqueous fraction, the tested plant extracts were able to significantly prolong the survival time of infected mice. Conclusion:The findings of the present study confirmed the safety and a promising in vivo antimalarial activity of S. molle, thus supporting the traditional claim and in vitro efficacy. In-depth investigations on the plant, however, are highly recommended.in vivo antimalarial activity of the plant was investigated. S. molle against in vitro antiplasmodial activity. In the present study, the.

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Dataset Information

Antimalarial potentials of Stemonocoleus micranthus Harms (leguminoseae) stem bark in Plasmodium berghei infected mice.

Publications

Antimalarial potentials of <i>Stemonocoleus micranthus</i> Harms (leguminoseae) stem bark in <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> infected mice.

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