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Exposure to alcohol outlets, alcohol access, and alcohol consumption among adolescents.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Adolescents who live near more alcohol outlets tend to consume more alcohol, despite laws prohibiting alcohol purchases for people aged <21?years. We examined relationships between adolescents' exposure to alcohol outlets, the sources through which they access alcohol, and their alcohol consumption. METHODS:Participants for this longitudinal study (n?=?168) were aged 15-18 years and were from 10 cities in the San Francisco Bay Area. We collected survey data to measure participant characteristics, followed by 1 month of GPS tracking to measure exposure to alcohol outlets (separated into exposures near home and away from home for bars, restaurants, and off-premise outlets). A follow-up survey approximately 1?year later measured alcohol access (through outlets, family members, peers aged <21?years, peers aged ?21?years) and alcohol consumption (e.g. count of drinking days in last 30). Generalized structural equation models related exposure to alcohol outlets, alcohol access, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS:Exposure to bars and off-premise outlets near home was positively associated with accessing alcohol from peers aged <21, and in turn, accessing alcohol from peers aged <21 was positively associated with alcohol consumption. There was no direct association between exposure to alcohol outlets near home or away from home and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS:Interventions that reduce adolescents' access through peers aged <21 may reduce adolescents' alcohol consumption.

SUBMITTER: Morrison CN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6961351 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Exposure to alcohol outlets, alcohol access, and alcohol consumption among adolescents.

Morrison Christopher N CN Byrnes Hilary F HF Miller Brenda A BA Wiehe Sarah E SE Ponicki William R WR Wiebe Douglas J DJ

Drug and alcohol dependence 20191017

<h4>Background</h4>Adolescents who live near more alcohol outlets tend to consume more alcohol, despite laws prohibiting alcohol purchases for people aged <21 years. We examined relationships between adolescents' exposure to alcohol outlets, the sources through which they access alcohol, and their alcohol consumption.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants for this longitudinal study (n = 168) were aged 15-18 years and were from 10 cities in the San Francisco Bay Area. We collected survey data to measure p ...[more]

PMID: 31760294

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Project description:BackgroundGreater alcohol accessibility, for example in the form of a high density of alcohol outlets or low alcohol taxation rates, may be associated with increased risk of suicidal behavior. However, most studies have been conducted at the aggregate level, and some have not accounted for potential confounders such as socioeconomic position or neighborhood quality.MethodsIn a Swedish cohort of young adults aged 18 to 25, we used logistic regressions to evaluate whether living in a neighborhood that included bars, nightclubs, and/or government alcohol outlets was associated with risk of suicide attempt (SA) or suicide death (SD) during four separate 2-year observation periods. Neighborhoods were defined using pre-established nationwide designations. We conducted combined-sex and sex-stratified analyses, and included as covariates indicators of socioeconomic position, neighborhood deprivation, and aggregate genetic liability to suicidal behavior.ResultsRisk of SA was increased in some subsamples of individuals living in a neighborhood with a bar or government alcohol outlet (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.05 to 1.15). Risk of SD was also higher among certain subsamples living in a neighborhood with a government outlet (ORs = 1.47 to 1.56), but lower for those living near a bar (ORs = 0.89 to 0.91). Significant results were driven by, but not exclusive to, the male subsample. Individuals with higher aggregate genetic risk for SA were more sensitive to the effects of a neighborhood government alcohol outlet, pooled across observation periods, in analyses of the sexes combined (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI] = 0.05; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.01; 0.09) and in the male subsample (RERI = 0.06; 95% CI 0.001; 0.12).ConclusionsAlthough effect sizes are small, living in a neighborhood with bars and/or government alcohol outlets may increase suicidal behavior among young adults. Individuals with higher genetic liability for SA are slightly more susceptible to these exposures.

Project description:BackgroundAlcohol outlets have been associated with various forms of injury and may contribute to neighborhood disparities in drug overdose. Few studies have examined the associations between alcohol outlets and drug overdose. This study investigated whether alcohol outlets were associated with the neighborhood drug overdose rate and whether the sale of drug paraphernalia contributes to this association.MethodsA cross-sectional ecological spatial analysis was conducted within census block groups in Baltimore City (n = 653). Outcomes were counts of EMS calls for any drug overdose in 2015 (n = 3,856). Exposures of interest were counts of alcohol outlets licensed for off-premise and on-premise consumption and the proportion of off-premise outlets selling drug paraphernalia (e.g., blunt wrappers, baggies, pipes). Negative binomial regression was used to assess the relationship between outlet count and overdose rate, and if paraphernalia sales altered this relationship, controlling for other neighborhood factors. Spatial autocorrelation was assessed and regression inference adjusted accordingly.ResultsEach additional off-premise alcohol outlet was associated with a 16.6% increase in the neighborhood overdose rate (IRR=1.17, 95%CI=(1.11, 1.23)), adjusted for other neighborhood variables. On-premise alcohol outlets were not significantly associated with overdose rate when adjusting for off-premise alcohol outlets (IRR=1.01, 95% CI=(0.97, 1.06)). The proportion of off-premise outlets that sold drug paraphernalia was negatively associated with overdose rate (IRR=0.55, 95% CI=(0.41, 0.74)) and did not alter the relationship between off-premise outlets and overdose.ConclusionThis study provides preliminary public health evidence for informing policy decisions about alcohol outlet licensing and zoning. Alcohol outlets could be potential community partners for harm reduction strategies such as health communication in identifying overdose symptoms or Good Samaritan Laws.

Dataset Information

Exposure to alcohol outlets, alcohol access, and alcohol consumption among adolescents.

Publications

Exposure to alcohol outlets, alcohol access, and alcohol consumption among adolescents.

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