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Municipal transportation policy as a population health intervention: estimating the impact of the City of Ottawa Transportation Master Plan on diabetes incidence.

ABSTRACT: INTERVENTION:Physical inactivity is an important behavioral risk factor for chronic disease in Canada. Individual-level strategies are used in clinical medicine to target individuals for preventive intervention based on one or more risk factors. In contrast, this study examines the impact of a population-level intervention: a municipal policy outside the healthcare sector that influences the built and social environment. RESEARCH QUESTION:What is the preventive effect of a municipal transportation policy to increase active transportation on a chronic disease outcome measure-diabetes incidence-when it is viewed as a population-level health intervention to increase physical activity? METHODS:The impact of increases in active transportation for regular commuting to work in the city of Ottawa, Ontario was modeled to estimate number of diabetes cases prevented over 10 years. As a health-sector comparison, the reduction in incidence was equated to an individual-level approach to prevention targeting those who are inactive, meant to represent a clinical preventive intervention. RESULTS:The population-level policy shift could prevent as many as 1620 incident cases of diabetes over 10 years, the largest number prevented by increases in public transit use. This population effect was equal to 17,300 inactive individuals or 12,300 inactive individuals >?45 years old undertaking a clinical preventive intervention to increase physical activity. CONCLUSION:The results demonstrate why public health matters today as population-level interventions that exist as policies outside the healthcare sector, supported by public health, may have an unrecognized and therefore underappreciated impact on population health.

SUBMITTER: Arnason T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6964411 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Municipal transportation policy as a population health intervention: estimating the impact of the City of Ottawa Transportation Master Plan on diabetes incidence.

Arnason Trevor T Tanuseputro Peter P Tuna Meltem M Manuel Douglas D

Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique 20190109 3

<h4>Intervention</h4>Physical inactivity is an important behavioral risk factor for chronic disease in Canada. Individual-level strategies are used in clinical medicine to target individuals for preventive intervention based on one or more risk factors. In contrast, this study examines the impact of a population-level intervention: a municipal policy outside the healthcare sector that influences the built and social environment.<h4>Research question</h4>What is the preventive effect of a municip ...[more]

PMID: 30628043

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Project description:In the current era of big data, the exponential increase in the volume of social data has exerted a significant influence on the government and all sectors of society, with the opening of government data becoming an irresistible trend. In this paper, several regional central cities are selected as the representatives of municipal governments to analyze the characteristics and weaknesses of their data-opening policies from various perspectives including policy effectiveness, policy tools, and policy targets. This is of reference significance for the municipal governments of an individual country in the formulation of data opening policies. To be specific, with 2015-2021 as the timeline, based on the six regions of the country, the central cities of each region are selected as representatives of municipal cities, and the text coding of 85 data opening policies implemented in regional central cities are performed. On this basis, a "policy tool-policy targets-policy effectiveness" collaborative measurement model is constructed through the policy tool theory, and the co-evolution analysis of the relevant policies is conducted. The research results are as follows. Firstly, there is a positive correlation between the total policy effectiveness and its quantity, indicating that the number of data-opening policies plays a positive role to a certain extent. However, the average effectiveness shows no significant increase, indicating the inadequate specificity of each policy. Secondly, the degree of synergy between policy tools fluctuates periodically, indicating that the government is constantly trying new methods, with more importance attached to the synergy between government capacity cultivation and positive incentive tools. Thirdly, policy targets continue to show new connotations over time, and there has been new progress made in the coordination between the other three objectives driven by data opening. However, it is imperative to enhance the synergy between the objectives of building a smart city and improving the services related to livelihood. Finally, some targeted suggestions are put forward on how to further improve the data opening policy implemented by municipal governments from three perspectives.

Dataset Information

Municipal transportation policy as a population health intervention: estimating the impact of the City of Ottawa Transportation Master Plan on diabetes incidence.

Publications

Municipal transportation policy as a population health intervention: estimating the impact of the City of Ottawa Transportation Master Plan on diabetes incidence.

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