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Impact of a Formulation Containing Unusual Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Trace Elements, Polyphenols and Plant Sterols on Insulin Resistance and Associated Disturbances.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:To evaluate the effect of a lipid-based formulation containing unusual polyunsaturated fatty acids, trace elements, polyphenols and plant sterols on insulin resistance and its associated disturbances among adults at risk of diabetes. METHODS:This was an 8-week, three-arm, open-label randomized clinical trial. We studied individuals aged ≥ 18 years old with diabetes risk given by a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 or a FinnRisc score ≥ 13/20. Participants were randomly assigned to receive: 7 ml sunflower oil (control group), 3.5 ml of the study formulation + 3.5 ml of sunflower oil (low-dose group) or 7 ml of study formulation (high-dose group). RESULTS:We randomized 25 individuals. After one withdrawal in the high-dose group, the study sample comprised nine patients in the control, nine in the low-dose and six in the high-dose groups. The insulin sensitivity increased significantly and in a dose-dependent fashion, up to 10% in the high-dose group. At week 8 the low-dose group exhibited lower glycemic excursions during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), especially 1 h after the glucose challenge (32 mg/dl or 23% lower vs. control group). The incremental area under the glucose curve in the OGTT was 17.1% lower in the low-dose group vs. the control group. Waist circumference increased in the control group, remained constant in the low-dose group and decreased in the high-dose group. C-reactive protein decreased in both formulation groups, up to 50% in the high-dose group. Participants in the formulation groups exhibited increased secretion of GLP-1 and plasma irisin at week 8 vs. the control group. CONCLUSION:The formulation induced favorable changes in insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, abdominal obesity and inflammation. These effects and their durability will need to be assessed in larger studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION:NCT03512665. FUNDING:Team Foods Colombia.

SUBMITTER: Pelaez-Jaramillo MJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6965541 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Rate constants for autoxidation propagation of several unsaturated lipids in benzene solution at 37 degrees C and in phosphatidylcholine liposomes were determined by a linoleate radical clock. This radical clock is based on competition between hydrogen atom abstraction by an intermediate peroxyl radical derived from linoleic acid that leads to a trans,cis-conjugated hydroxyoctadecadienoic product and beta-fragmentation of the same peroxyl that gives the trans,trans-product hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid. Rate constants determined by this approach in solution relative to linoleic acid (k(p) = 62 M(-1) s(-1)) were: arachidonic acid (k(p) = 197 +/- 13 M(-1) s(-1)), eicosapentaenoic acid (k(p) = 249 +/- 16 M(-1) s(-1)), docosahexaenoic acid (k(p) = 334 +/- 37 M(-1) s(-1)), cholesterol (k(p)= 11 +/- 2 M(-1) s(-1)), and 7-dehydrocholesterol (k(p)= 2260 +/- 40 M(-1) s(-1)). Free radical oxidations of multilamellar and unilamellar liposomes of various mixtures of glycerophosphatidylcholine molecular species were also carried out. In some experiments, cholesterol or 7-dehydrocholesterol was incorporated into the lipid mixture undergoing oxidation. A phosphatidylcholine bearing a linoleate ester at sn-2 was a component of each liposome peroxidation reaction and the ratio of trans,cis/trans,trans (t,c/t,t)-conjugated diene oxidation products formed from this phospholipid was determined for each oxidation reaction. This t,c/t,t-product ratio from linoleate was used to "clock" liposome constituents as hydrogen atom donors in the lipid bilayer. Application of this lipid bilayer radical clock gives relative autoxidation propagation rate constants of arachidonate (20:4), eicosapentaenoate (20:5), docosahexaenoate (22:6), and 7-dehydrocholesterol to be 115 +/- 7, 145 +/- 8, 172 +/- 13, and 832 +/- 86, respectively, a reactivity trend that parallels the one in solution. We also conclude from the liposome oxidations that linoleate peroxyl radicals at different positions on the eighteen-carbon chain (at C-9 and C-13) have different kinetic properties. This is in contrast to the results of solution oxidations of linoleate in which the C-9 and C-13 peroxyl radicals have similar reactivities. We suggest that peroxyl radical beta-scission depends on solvent polarity and the polarity of the local environment of peroxyl radicals in liposomal oxidations depends on the position of the peroxyl radical on the 18-carbon chain.

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Impact of a Formulation Containing Unusual Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Trace Elements, Polyphenols and Plant Sterols on Insulin Resistance and Associated Disturbances.

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