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Engineered Extracellular Vesicles as a Reliable Tool in Cancer Nanomedicine.

ABSTRACT: Fast diagnosis and more efficient therapies for cancer surely represent one of the huge tasks for the worldwide researchers' and clinicians' community. In the last two decades, our understanding of the biology and molecular pathology of cancer mechanisms, coupled with the continuous development of the material science and technological compounds, have successfully improved nanomedicine applications in oncology. This review argues on nanomedicine application of engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) in oncology. All the most innovative processes of EVs engineering are discussed together with the related degree of applicability for each one of them in cancer nanomedicines.

SUBMITTER: Susa F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6966613 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Engineered Extracellular Vesicles as a Reliable Tool in Cancer Nanomedicine.

Susa Francesca F Limongi Tania T Dumontel Bianca B Vighetto Veronica V Cauda Valentina V

Cancers 20191209 12

Fast diagnosis and more efficient therapies for cancer surely represent one of the huge tasks for the worldwide researchers' and clinicians' community. In the last two decades, our understanding of the biology and molecular pathology of cancer mechanisms, coupled with the continuous development of the material science and technological compounds, have successfully improved nanomedicine applications in oncology. This review argues on nanomedicine application of engineered extracellular vesicles ( ...[more]

PMID: 31835327

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Project description:BackgroundStudies have recently revealed that almost every type of cells including tumor cells abundantly release small vesicles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the extracellular milieu. EVs carry a repertoire of biological molecules including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates and transport their cargo between cells in the vicinity as well as distantly located cells and hence act as messengers of intercellular communication. In this review, we aimed to discuss the tumor-derived exosome biology and the pivotal roles of exosomes in cancer diagnosis and treatment.MethodsIn the present review study, the authors studied several articles over the past two decades published on the kinetics of EVs in tumor environment as well as on the application of these vesicles in cancer diagnosis and therapy.ResultsA growing body of evidence indicates that nucleic acids such as microRNAs (miRNAs) transferring by EVs participate to create a conducive tumor environment. As EV-associated miRNAs are tissue-specific and present in most biological fluids, they hold great potential for clinical application in cancer early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. Furthermore, exosomes can serve as drug delivery vehicles transferring miRNAs as well as therapeutic agents to target cells. These nano-vesicles exhibit ideal properties in comparison with the synthetic carriers that attracted scientist's attention in the field of nanotechnology medicine. Scientists have employed different strategies to build exosomes-based drug delivery system. In general, two methods (direct engineering and indirect engineering) are being utilized to produce artificial exosomes. Para-clinical data have confirmed the beneficial effects of engineering exosomes in cancer therapy.ConclusionExosomal miRNAs hold great promise for clinical application in early diagnosis and treatment of cancers. In addition, in spite of enthusiastic results obtained by engineered exosomes, however, there is an increasing concern over the use of optimal methods for engineering exosomes and the safety of engineered exosomes in clinical trials is still unclear.

Dataset Information

Engineered Extracellular Vesicles as a Reliable Tool in Cancer Nanomedicine.

Publications

Engineered Extracellular Vesicles as a Reliable Tool in Cancer Nanomedicine.

Similar Datasets

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