Dataset Information

Removal of Non-economic Damage Caps Is Not Associated with Reductions in Early Imaging for Low Back Pain.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Supporters of medical liability reform contend that caps on non-economic damages will decrease defensive medicine.

Questions/purposes

We examined whether removal of caps on non-economic damages affect one type of defensive medical practice, early imaging for new-onset low back pain.

Patients and methods

Using administrative claims data, we retrospectively studied adult patients evaluated for new-onset low back pain from 2007 to 2012. We included patients from two states that had caps on non-economic damages struck down in 2010 (n?=?462,604) and patients from adjacent states (n?=?781,963). Using a difference-in-differences approach, we evaluated the impact of non-economic damage caps on early imaging while adjusting for physician specialty, patient characteristics, and year- and state-level fixed effects.

Results

There was no association between non-economic damage caps and early imaging for low back pain among all providers. Removal of a non-economic damage cap was also not associated with a significant change in early imaging within the two cap-removal states. Subgroup analysis by physician specialty demonstrated significantly increased use of early imaging for low back pain by orthopedic or neurological surgeons in the first 12 months following cap removal in one state (but this difference did not persist beyond 12 months). In the other cap-removal state, early imaging increased among orthopedic and neurological surgeons more than 12 months after cap removal.

Conclusion

We found no association between caps on non-economic damages and early imaging for low back pain among all physicians. However, our subgroup analysis suggests that physician specialties may respond to non-economic damage cap policies differently.

SUBMITTER: Dy CJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6974147 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Removal of Non-economic Damage Caps Is Not Associated with Reductions in Early Imaging for Low Back Pain.

Dy Christopher J CJ Pesko Michael F MF Keller Matthew M Sepper Elizabeth E Olsen Margaret A MA

HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery 20190103 1

<h4>Background</h4>Supporters of medical liability reform contend that caps on non-economic damages will decrease defensive medicine.<h4>Questions/purposes</h4>We examined whether removal of caps on non-economic damages affect one type of defensive medical practice, early imaging for new-onset low back pain.<h4>Patients and methods</h4>Using administrative claims data, we retrospectively studied adult patients evaluated for new-onset low back pain from 2007 to 2012. We included patients from two ...[more]

PMID: 32015741

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Project description:Study designRetrospective cohort study.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of early (receipt ?30 d postonset) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on disability and medical cost outcomes in patients with acute, disabling, work-related low back pain (LBP) with and without radiculopathy.Summary of background dataEvidence-based guidelines suggest that, except for "red flags," MRI is indicated to evaluate patients with persistent radicular pain, after 1 month of conservative management, who are candidates for surgery or epidural steroid injections. Prior research has suggested an independent iatrogenic effect of nonindicated early MRI, but it had limited clinical information and/or patient populations.MethodsA nationally representative sample of workers with acute, disabling, occupational LBP was randomly selected, oversampling those with radiculopathy diagnoses (N = 1000). Clinical information from medical reports was used to exclude cases for which early MRI might have been indicated, or MRI occurred more than 30 days postonset (final cohort = 555). Clinical information was also used to categorize cases into "nonspecific LBP" and "radiculopathy" groups and further divided into "early-MRI" and "no-MRI" subgroups. The Cox proportional hazards model examined the association of early MRI with duration of the first episode of disability. Multivariate linear regression models examined the association with medical costs. All models adjusted for demographic and medical severity measures.ResultsIn our sample, 37% of the nonspecific LBP and 79.9% of the radiculopathy cases received early MRI. The early-MRI groups had similar outcomes regardless of radiculopathy status: much lower rates of going off disability and, on average, $12,948 to $13,816 higher medical costs than the no-MRI groups. Even in a subgroup with relatively minimal disability impact (?30 d of total lost time post-MRI), medical costs were, on average, $7643 to $8584 higher in the early-MRI groups.ConclusionEarly MRI without indication has a strong iatrogenic effect in acute LBP, regardless of radiculopathy status. Providers and patients should be made aware that when early MRI is not indicated, it provides no benefits, and worse outcomes are likely.Level of evidence3.

Project description:BackgroundImaging is overused in the management of low back pain, resulting in overdiagnosis, increased healthcare utilisation, and increased costs. Few effective interventions to decrease inappropriate use have been developed and have typically not been developed using behaviour change theory. An intervention to reduce non-indicated imaging for low back pain was developed using behavioural change theory, incorporating a novel low back pain management booklet to facilitate patient education and reassurance. The aim of this study was to assess the adoption and feasibility of use of the developed intervention within clinical practice and to determine appropriate implementation strategies to address identified barriers to use.MethodsFourteen general medical practitioners were recruited and trained to use the booklet with low back pain patients over a minimum 5-month period. Quantitative data on use of the booklet were collected and analysed descriptively. Qualitative data on use of the booklet and training session were collected in general medical practitioner interviews and thematically analysed. Barriers to use were identified and mapped to suitable implementation strategies using the Behaviour Change Wheel.ResultsPractitioners used the booklet with 73 patients. The booklet was used with 63% of patients presenting with low back pain. Facilitators for using the booklet included patient's requesting imaging and lower practitioner confidence in managing low back pain. Barriers included accessible storage and remembering to use the booklet. Implementation strategies were identified to increase adoption and feasibility of use, including development of a digital version of the booklet.ConclusionsGeneral medical practitioners reported that the low back pain management booklet and training were useful for clinical practice, particularly with patients requesting imaging. Barriers to use were identified and implementation strategies to address these barriers will be incorporated into future effectiveness studies. This study forms one of a series of studies to thoroughly develop and test an intervention to reduce non-indicated imaging for low back pain; a successful intervention would decrease healthcare costs and improve patient management.

Project description:BackgroundMost quality metrics focus on underuse of services, leaving unclear what factors are associated with potential overuse.MethodsWe analyzed Medicare claims from 2000-2002 and 2004-2006 for 35 039 fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with acute low back pain (LBP) who were treated by 1 of 4567 primary care physicians responding to the 2000-2001 or 2004-2005 Community Tracking Study Physician Surveys. We modified a measure of inappropriate imaging developed by the National Committee on Quality Assurance. We characterized the rapidity (<28 days, 29-180 days, none within 180 days) and modality of imaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging [CT/MRI], only radiograph, or no imaging). We used ordered logit models to assess relationships between imaging and patient demographics and physician/practice characteristics including exposure to financial incentives based on patient satisfaction, clinical quality, cost profiling, or productivity.ResultsOf 35 039 beneficiaries with LBP, 28.8% underwent imaging within 28 days and an additional 4.6% between 28 and 180 days. Among patients who received imaging, 88.2% received radiography, while 11.8% received CT/MRI as their initial study. White patients received higher levels of imaging than black patients or those of other races. Medicaid patients received less rapid or advanced imaging than other patients. Patients had higher levels of imaging if their primary care physician worked in large practices. Compared with no incentives, clinical quality-based incentives were associated with less advanced imaging (10.5% vs 1.4% for within 28 days; P < .001), whereas incentive combinations including satisfaction measures were associated with more rapid and advanced imaging. Results persisted in multivariate analyses and when the outcome was redefined as the number of imaging studies performed.ConclusionsRapidity and modality of imaging for LBP is associated with patient and physician characteristics but the directionality of associations with desirable care processes is opposite of associations for measures targeting underuse. Metrics that encompass overuse may suggest new areas of focus for quality improvement.

Dataset Information

Removal of Non-economic Damage Caps Is Not Associated with Reductions in Early Imaging for Low Back Pain.

Background

Questions/purposes

Patients and methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Removal of Non-economic Damage Caps Is Not Associated with Reductions in Early Imaging for Low Back Pain.

Similar Datasets

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