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Comparing the association between social capital and self-rated health in poor and affluent nations.

ABSTRACT: Country context has been shown to influence the association between social capital and health; however, few studies have examined how the level of societal affluence affects the relationship between social capital and health. Drawing on the study of individual-level socioeconomic variation in the returns to social capital by Uphoff and colleagues (2013), we examine two possible explanations about the differential impact of social capital on health based on country-level socioeconomic variation. The buffer hypothesis posits that social capital will have a greater benefit for poorer (versus more affluent) nations, whereas the dependency hypothesis suggests that social capital will be more beneficial in more affluent (versus poorer) nations. Using Waves 5 and 6 of the World Values Survey, we employed multilevel ordered logistic regression to examine whether national wealth moderates the association between social capital-as measured by particularized and generalized trust-and self-rated health across 72 countries. We also assessed five potential explanations for the moderating role of economic context based on the buffer and dependency hypotheses: institutional effectiveness, economic inequality, coverage of health services, human capital, and access to clean water and sanitation services. In support of the dependency hypothesis, we found that both particularized and generalized trust were associated with self-rated health to a greater extent in more affluent countries than in poorer countries; however, none of the potential explanations that we tested accounted for this pattern. Further, we found that particularized trust was more strongly associated with self-rated health compared to generalized trust across all countries. Future research should focus on the mechanisms by which economic context modifies the relationship between social capital and self-rated health.

SUBMITTER: Story WT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6978489 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comparing the association between social capital and self-rated health in poor and affluent nations.

Story William T WT Glanville Jennifer L JL

SSM - population health 20191030

Country context has been shown to influence the association between social capital and health; however, few studies have examined how the level of societal affluence affects the relationship between social capital and health. Drawing on the study of individual-level socioeconomic variation in the returns to social capital by Uphoff and colleagues (2013), we examine two possible explanations about the differential impact of social capital on health based on country-level socioeconomic variation. ...[more]

PMID: 31998830

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Project description:Although social capital has been linked to population health, there is a dearth of studies on the phenomenon especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the individual and contextual effects of social capital indicators (group membership, registered to vote, perception towards safety in community and generalised trust) on the self-rated health (SRH) of the residents of Gauteng province. We used data from the 2015 Quality of Life (QoL) survey, which included a random representative sample of 27476 residents (level 1) in 508 administrative wards (level 2). We employed a multilevel logistic regression to examine the association of social capital and SRH (good vs poor). After adjusting for individual and area-level factors, no main effect of group membership (Adjusted OR: 0.93: 95% CI: 0.85-1.02), generalised trust (Adjusted OR: 1.01: 95% CI: 0.89-1.49) and registered to vote (Adjusted OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.82-1.10) was observed. However, if respondents were positive in their perception towards safety in community, there was a positive association with good SRH (Adjusted OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01-1.31); while if residents reported a negative perception towards safety in community, a strong negative association with good SRH (Adjusted OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.62-0.79) was observed. Both ward variance and median odds ratio (MOR) indicate significant differences in good SRH by wards. A strong positive joint effect on the multiplicative scale was observed between satisfied with safety and the ward-level South African Multiple Deprivation Poverty Index (SAMPI), while a strong negative joint effect was also observed on a multiplicative scale between dissatisfied with safety and the SAMPI. Perception of safety in community is the core domain of social capital that significantly impacts the SRH of residents of Gauteng. Although the effect of perception towards safety in community on good SRH is influenced by ward deprivation,the effect is not dependent on the level of deprivation. Contextual factors as evidenced by the persistent MOR, in addition to individual factors, explain variation in reporting good SRH in the study area.

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Project description:To date, research on social capital in Indigenous contexts has been scarce. In this quantitative study, our objectives were to (1): Describe bonding social capital within four distinct First Nations communities in Canada, and (2) Explore the associations between bonding social capital and self-rated health in these communities. With community permission, cross-sectional data were drawn from the Canadian Alliance for Healthy Hearts and Minds study. Four reserve-based First Nations communities were included in the analysis, totaling 591 participants. Descriptive statistics were computed to examine levels of social capital among communities and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify social capital predictors of good self-rated health. Age, sex, education level, and community were controlled for in all models. Across the four communities in this study, areas of common social capital included frequent socialization among friends and large and interconnected family networks. Positive self-rated health was associated with civic engagement at federal or provincial levels (OR=1.65, p<0.05) and organizational membership (OR=1.60, p<0.05), but overall, sociodemographic variables were more significantly associated with self-rated health than social capital variables. Significant differences in social capital were found across the four communities and community of residence was a significant health outcomes predictor in all logistic regression models. In conclusion, this study represents one of the first efforts to quantitatively study First Nations social capital with respect to health in Canada. The results reflect significant differences in the social capital landscape across different First Nations communities and suggest the need for social capital measurement tools that may be adapted to unique Indigenous contexts. Further, the impact of social capital on health may be better explored and interpreted with more community-specific instruments and with supplementary qualitative inquiry.

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Comparing the association between social capital and self-rated health in poor and affluent nations.

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Comparing the association between social capital and self-rated health in poor and affluent nations.

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