Dataset Information

Changes in the hospitalization and ED visit rates for respiratory diseases associated with source-specific PM_2.5 in New York State from 2005 to 2016.

ABSTRACT: Prior work found increased rates for emergency department (ED) visits for asthma and hospitalizations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease per unit mass of PM_2.5 across New York State (NYS) during 2014-2016 after significant reductions in ambient PM_2.5 concentrations had occurred following implementation of various policy actions and major economic disruptions. The associations of source-specific PM_2.5 concentrations with these respiratory diseases were assessed with a time-stratified case-cossover design and logistic regression models to identify the changes in the PM_2.5 that have led to the apparently increased toxicity per unit mass. The rates of ED visits and hospitalizations for asthma and COPD associated with increases in source-specific PM_2.5 concentrations in the prior 1, 4, and 7 days were estimated for 6 urban sites in New York State. Overall, there were similar numbers of significantly increased (n?=?9) and decreased rates (n?=?8) of respiratory events (asthma and COPD hospitalizations and ED visits) associated with increased source-specific PM_2.5 concentrations in the previous 1, 4, and 7 days. Associations of source-specific PM_2.5 concentrations with excess rates of hospitalizations for COPD for spark- and compression ignition vehicles increased in the 2014-2016 period, but the values were not statistically significant. Other source types showed inconsistent patterns of excess rates. For asthma ED visits, only biomass burning and road dust showed consistent positive associations with road dust having significant values for most lag times. Secondary nitrate also showed significant positive associations with asthma ED visits in the AFTER period compared to no associations in the prior periods. These results suggest that the relationships of asthma and COPD exacerbation with source-specific PM_2.5 are not well defined and further work will be needed to determine the causes of the apparent increases in the per unit mass toxicity of PM_2.5 in New York State in the 2014-16 period.

SUBMITTER: Hopke PK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6982568 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Changes in the hospitalization and ED visit rates for respiratory diseases associated with source-specific PM2.5 in New York State from 2005 to 2016.

Hopke Philip K PK Croft Daniel P DP Zhang Wangjian W Lin Shao S Masiol Mauro M Squizzato Stefania S Thurston Sally W SW van Wijngaarden Edwin E Utell Mark J MJ Rich David Q DQ

Environmental research 20191111

Prior work found increased rates for emergency department (ED) visits for asthma and hospitalizations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease per unit mass of PM2.5 across New York State (NYS) during 2014-2016 after significant reductions in ambient PM2.5 concentrations had occurred following implementation of various policy actions and major economic disruptions. The associations of source-specific PM2.5 concentrations with these respiratory diseases were asse ...[more]

PMID: 31753467

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Project description:BackgroundEmissions control programs targeting certain air pollution sources may alter PM2.5 composition, as well as the risk of adverse health outcomes associated with PM2.5.ObjectivesWe examined temporal changes in the risk of emergency department (ED) visits for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and asthma associated with short-term increases in ambient PM2.5 concentrations in Los Angeles, California.MethodsPoisson log-linear models with unconstrained distributed exposure lags were used to estimate the risk of CVD and asthma ED visits associated with short-term increases in daily PM2.5 concentrations, controlling for temporal and meteorological confounders. The models were run separately for three predefined time periods, which were selected based on the implementation of multiple emissions control programs (EARLY: 2005-2008; MIDDLE: 2009-2012; LATE: 2013-2016). Two-pollutant models with individual PM2.5 components and the remaining PM2.5 mass were also considered to assess the influence of changes in PM2.5 composition on changes in the risk of CVD and asthma ED visits associated with PM2.5 over time.ResultsThe relative risk of CVD ED visits associated with a 10 μg/m3 increase in 4-day PM2.5 concentration (lag 0-3) was higher in the LATE period (rate ratio = 1.020, 95% confidence interval = [1.010, 1.030]) compared to the EARLY period (1.003, [0.996, 1.010]). In contrast, for asthma, relative risk estimates were largest in the EARLY period (1.018, [1.006, 1.029]), but smaller in the following periods. Similar temporal differences in relative risk estimates for CVD and asthma were observed among different age and season groups. No single component was identified as an obvious contributor to the changing risk estimates over time, and some components exhibited different temporal patterns in risk estimates from PM2.5 total mass, such as a decreased risk of CVD ED visits associated with sulfate over time.ConclusionsTemporal changes in the risk of CVD and asthma ED visits associated with short-term increases in ambient PM2.5 concentrations were observed. These changes could be related to changes in PM2.5 composition (e.g., an increasing fraction of organic carbon and a decreasing fraction of sulfate in PM2.5). Other factors such as improvements in healthcare and differential exposure misclassification might also contribute to the changes.

Project description:ImportanceIn the US, approximately 40 000 people die due to firearm-related injuries annually. However, nonfatal firearm-related injuries are less precisely tracked.ObjectivesTo assess the annual incidence of hospitalization for nonfatal firearm-related injuries in New York and to compare the annual incidence by sex, race/ethnicity, county of residence, and calendar years.Design, setting, and participantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study used data from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System for patients aged 15 years or older who presented to an emergency department in New York with nonfatal firearm-related injuries from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2016. Data were analyzed from January 15, 2019, to April 21, 2021.ExposureA nonfatal firearm-related injury, defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification and International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes.Main outcomes and measuresThe annual incidence of nonfatal firearm-related injuries was calculated by determining the number of patients with a nonfatal firearm-related injury each year divided by the total population of New York.ResultsThe study included 31 060 unique patients with 35 059 hospital encounters for nonfatal firearm-related injuries. The mean (SD) age at admission was 28.5 (11.9) years; most patients were male (90.6%) and non-Hispanic Black individuals (62.0%). The overall annual incidence was 18.4 per 100 000 population. Although decreasing trends of annual incidence were observed across the state during the study period, this trend was not present in all 62 counties, with 32 counties (51.6%) having an increase in the incidence of injuries between 2005 and 2010 and 29 (46.8%) having an increase in the incidence of injuries between 2010 and 2015. In 19 of the 30 counties (63.3%) that had a decrease in incidence in earlier years, the incidence increased in later years.Conclusions and relevanceThe annual incidence of hospitalization for nonfatal firearm-related injuries in New York during the study period was 18.4 per 100 000 population. Reliable tracking of nonfatal firearm-related injury data may be useful for policy makers, hospital systems, community organizers, and public health officials as they consider resource allocation for trauma systems and injury prevention programs.

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Dataset Information

Changes in the hospitalization and ED visit rates for respiratory diseases associated with source-specific PM_2.5 in New York State from 2005 to 2016.

Publications

Changes in the hospitalization and ED visit rates for respiratory diseases associated with source-specific PM<sub>2.5</sub> in New York State from 2005 to 2016.

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