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Visual configural processing in adults born at extremely low birth weight.

ABSTRACT: Being born at extremely low birth weight (ELBW; ?1,000 g) is associated with enduring visual impairments. We tested for long-term, higher order visual processing problems in the oldest known prospectively followed cohort of ELBW survivors. Configural processing (spacing among features of an object) was examined in 62 adults born at ELBW (M_age = 31.9 years) and 82 adults born at normal birth weight (NBW; ?2,500 g: M_age = 32.5 years). Pairs of human faces, monkey faces, or houses were presented in a delayed match-to-sample task, where non-matching stimuli differed only in the spacing of their features. Discrimination accuracy for each stimulus type was compared between birth weight groups, adjusting for neurosensory impairment, visual acuity, binocular fusion ability, IQ, and sex. Both groups were better able to discriminate human faces than monkey faces (p < .001). However, the ELBW group discriminated between human faces (p < .001), between monkey faces (p < .001), and to some degree, between houses (p < .06), more poorly than NBW control participants, suggesting a general deficit in perceptual processing. Human face discrimination was related to performance IQ (PIQ) across groups, but especially among ELBW survivors. Coding (a PIQ subtest) also predicted human face discrimination in ELBW survivors, consistent with previously reported links between visuo-perceptive difficulties and regional slowing of cortical activity in individuals born preterm. Correlations with Coding suggested ELBW survivors may have used a feature-matching approach to processing human faces. Future studies could examine brain-based anatomical and functional evidence for altered face processing, as well as the social and memory consequences of face-processing deficits in ELBW survivors.

SUBMITTER: Mathewson KJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6983349 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Visual configural processing in adults born at extremely low birth weight.

Mathewson Karen J KJ Maurer Daphne D Mondloch Catherine J CJ Saigal Saroj S Van Lieshout Ryan J RJ Schmidt Louis A LA

Developmental science 20190827 2

Being born at extremely low birth weight (ELBW; ≤1,000 g) is associated with enduring visual impairments. We tested for long-term, higher order visual processing problems in the oldest known prospectively followed cohort of ELBW survivors. Configural processing (spacing among features of an object) was examined in 62 adults born at ELBW (M<sub>age</sub> = 31.9 years) and 82 adults born at normal birth weight (NBW; ≥2,500 g: M<sub>age</sub> = 32.5 years). Pairs of human faces, monkey faces, or ...[more]

PMID: 31350857

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Project description:The long-term bone health of young adults born extremely preterm (EP; <28 weeks' gestation) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g birth weight) in the post-surfactant era (since the early 1990s) is unclear. This study investigated their bone structure and estimated bone strength using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT)-based finite element modeling (pQCT-FEM). Results using this technique have been associated with bone fragility in several clinical settings. Participants comprised 161 EP/ELBW survivors (46.0% male) and 122 contemporaneous term-born (44.3% male), normal birth weight controls born in Victoria, Australia, during 1991-1992. At age 25 years, participants underwent pQCT at 4% and 66% of tibia and radius length, which was analyzed using pQCT-FEM. Groups were compared using linear regression and adjusted for height and weight. An interaction term between group and sex was added to assess group differences between sexes. Parameters measured included compressive stiffness (kcomp ), torsional stiffness (ktorsion ), and bending stiffness (kbend ). EP/ELBW survivors were shorter than the controls, but their weights were similar. Several unadjusted tibial pQCT-FEM parameters were lower in the EP/ELBW group. Height- and weight-adjusted ktorsion at 66% tibia remained lower in EP/ELBW (mean difference [95% confidence interval] -180 [-352, -8] Nm/deg). The evidence for group differences in ktorsion and kbend at 66% tibia was stronger among males than females (pinteractions <0.05). There was little evidence for group differences in adjusted radial models. Lower height- and weight-adjusted pQCT-FEM measures in EP/ELBW compared with controls suggest a clinically relevant increase in predicted long-term fracture risk in EP/ELBW survivors, particularly males. Future pQCT-FEM studies should utilize the tibial pQCT images because of the greater variability in the radius possibly related to lower measurement precision. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

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Visual configural processing in adults born at extremely low birth weight.

Publications

Visual configural processing in adults born at extremely low birth weight.

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