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Colistin-resistant Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1 in food, water, hand rinse, and healthy human gut in Bangladesh.

ABSTRACT: Background:One of the most significant public health concerns in today's world is the persistent upsurge of infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria. As a result, clinicians are being forced to intervene with either less effective backup drugs or ones with substantial side-effects. Colistin is a last resort antimicrobial agent for the treatment of infections caused by multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria. Methods:Escherichia coli (n?=?65) isolated from street food (n?=?20), hand rinse (n?=?15), surface water (n?=?10), and healthy human stool (n?=?20) were tested for colistin resistance gene mcr-1 and response to antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes were detected by employing polymerase chain reaction. DNA fingerprinting of the strains were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results:Screening of E. coli allowed us to confirm colistin resistance marker gene mcr-1 in 13 strains (street food, n?=?4; hand rinse, n?=?2; surface water, n?=?4; and stool, n?=?3); and two of these E. coli strains carrying mcr-1 harbored bla TEM gene encoding extended spectrum beta lactamase. Antibiotic assay results revealed all 13 E. coli strains carrying mcr-1 to be multi-drug resistant (MDR), including to colistin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for colistin ranged from 2 to 6 ?g/ml. DNA sequencing confirmed homogeneity of the nucleotide sequence for mcr-1, but the E. coli strains were heterogenous, as confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggesting horizontal transmission of colistin resistance in Bangladesh. Conclusion:Widespread dissemination of E. coli strains carrying mcr-1 encoding resistance to colistin in the present study is alarming as this is the last resort drug for the treatment of infections caused by MDR gram-negative bacteria resistant to almost all drugs used commonly.

SUBMITTER: Johura FT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6986151 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Colistin-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> carrying <i>mcr-1</i> in food, water, hand rinse, and healthy human gut in Bangladesh.

Johura Fatema-Tuz FT Tasnim Jarin J Barman Indrajeet I Biswas Sahitya Ranjan SR Jubyda Fatema Tuz FT Sultana Marzia M George Christine Marie CM Camilli Andrew A Seed Kimberley D KD Ahmed Niyaz N Alam Munirul M

Gut pathogens 20200127

<h4>Background</h4>One of the most significant public health concerns in today's world is the persistent upsurge of infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria. As a result, clinicians are being forced to intervene with either less effective backup drugs or ones with substantial side-effects. Colistin is a last resort antimicrobial agent for the treatment of infections caused by multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria.<h4>Methods</h4><i>Escherichia coli</i> (n = 65) isolated from stree ...[more]

PMID: 32002025

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Project description:The wide distribution of colistin-resistant bacteria in developing countries has become a common phenomenon. To understand the mechanisms underlying their distribution, we studied the mcr genetic background of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from the fecal microbiota of healthy human residents from a community in Vietnam with a high prevalence of colistin-resistant E. coli with mcr Fifty-seven colistin-resistant isolates were obtained from 98 residents; one isolate was collected from each individual and analyzed for mcr We found that 36.8% of the isolates carried chromosomal mcr-1 Further, 63.2% and 1.8% of the isolates carried mcr-1 on the plasmid and the plasmid/chromosome, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing of genetically unrelated isolates showed that the majority (6 of 7) of the isolates had the chromosomal mcr-1 in a complete ancestral mcr-1 transposon Tn6330, ISApl1-mcr-1-PAP2-ISApl1, which was inserted at various positions on the chromosomes. In addition, the majority (87.5%) of Tn6330 of mcr-1-carrying plasmids (n?=?8) lacked both upstream and downstream ISApl1 transposons. The results obtained in this study indicate that plasmid-to-chromosomal transfer of mcr-1 may have occurred recently in the fecal microbiota of the residents. Additionally, Tn6330 on the chromosome may lose ISApl1 from the transposon during multiplication to gain a more stable mcr-1 state on the chromosome. Stabilization of resistance by the chromosomal incorporation of mcr-1 would be an additional challenge in combating the dissemination of resistant bacteria.IMPORTANCE Elucidation of the mechanism of the wide dissemination of colistin-resistant bacteria in communities of developing countries is an urgent public health issue. In this study, we investigated the genetic background of the colistin resistance gene mcr in E. coli isolates from the fecal microbiota of healthy human residents living in a community in Vietnam with a high prevalence of colistin-resistant E. coli Our study revealed for the first time, a surprisingly high percentage (36.8%) of colistin-resistant E. coli carrying chromosomal mcr-1, the emergence of which may have occurred recently, in the fecal microbiota of the community residents. The mcr-1 transposon on the chromosome may develop into a more stable genotype by the loss of insertion sequences (ISs). Our results are valuable in understanding the mechanism underlying the increasing prevalence of colistin-resistant bacteria within a community.

Dataset Information

Colistin-resistant Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1 in food, water, hand rinse, and healthy human gut in Bangladesh.

Publications

Colistin-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> carrying <i>mcr-1</i> in food, water, hand rinse, and healthy human gut in Bangladesh.

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