Effect of maternal growth monitoring knowledge on stunting, wasting and underweight among children 0-18 months in Tamale metropolis of Ghana.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Bukari M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC6988331 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Effect of maternal growth monitoring knowledge on stunting, wasting and underweight among children 0-18 months in Tamale metropolis of Ghana.
Bukari Mohammed M Abubakari Muzamil Mohammed MM Majeed Mohammed M Abizari Abdul-Razak AR Wemakor Anthony A Atosona Ambrose A
BMC research notes 20200129 1
<h4>Objective</h4>This study sought to assess maternal growth monitoring knowledge and its effect on stunting, wasting and underweight among children 0-18 months in the Tamale Metropolis. An analytical cross-sectional study design, involving 340 mother-child pairs randomly selected from 4 health facilities in the Tamale Metropolis was used. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics and maternal growth monitoring knowledge. Weight and length o ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundThe home-based vaccination card is an important health record for determining vaccination status of children during surveys, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. However, there are limited evidence on the factors that influence its retention in Ghana. We assessed the predictors of vaccination card retention in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study from 21st December 2022 to 10th January 2023 among children aged 0-59 months in the Tamale Metropolis. Multi-stage sampling was used to select caregivers of children aged 0-59 months for enrolment in the study. Data were collected using validated questionnaire through face-to-face interviews of caregivers. A vaccination card was retained if it was presented for physical inspection by research assistants. The factors that influence vaccination card retention were determined in a multivariate logistic regression analysis at p<0.05.ResultsA total of 1,532 eligible children were enrolled in this study. Vaccination card retention was 91.5%. Negative predictors of card retention included: being resident in the Nyohini (AOR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.15-0.50) and Tamale Central (AOR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.29-0.90) sub-Metro areas and being caregivers of children aged 24-59 months (AOR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.22-0.68). On the other hand, paying for the vaccination card (AOR = 5.14; 95% CI = 2.95-8.95) was a positive predictor of vaccination card retention.ConclusionIn this study, vaccination card retention among children aged 0-59 months was higher than national estimates. Vaccination card retention was mainly influenced by sub-Metro area, age of child and mode of acquisition of the card such as out-of-pocket payment. There is need to design and deliver tailored messages including the importance of vaccination card retention to caregivers of children based on geographic context. Additionally, the policy on sale of vaccination cards should be revised to allow for cost sharing to enhance its retention.
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Project description:BackgroundUndernutrition among preschool children in Northern region is the highest in Ghana. However, there is scarcity of data on the factors that determine undernutrition in these children. This study investigated the effect of maternal and child factors on undernutrition among preschool children in Northern Ghana.MethodsThis study was a community based analytical cross-sectional survey on a sample of 425 mother- child pairs drawn from 25 clusters. A semi- structured questionnaire was used to collect data on maternal and child socio-demographic characteristics, feeding practices and anthropometry. Anthropometric indices of Height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ), Weight-for-height Z-scores (WHZ) and Weight-for - age Z-scores (WAZ) were used to classify child stunting, wasting and underweight respectively. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine associations between explanatory variables and undernutrition.ResultsThe prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were 28.2, 9.9 and 19.3% respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that, the odds of stunting was higher among male children [AOR = 1.99; 95% CI (1.26-3.13); p = 0.003], children of mothers less than 150 cm in height [AOR = 3.87; 95% CI (1.34-11.20); p = 0.01], mothers 155-159 cm tall [AOR = 2.21; 95% CI (1.34-3.66); p = 0.002], and older children aged 12-23 months [AOR 9.81; 95% CI (2.85-33.76); p < 0.001]. Wasting was significantly higher among male children [AOR = 2.40; 95% CI (1.189-4.844); p = 0.015], consumption of less than four food groups [AOR = 3.733; 95% CI (1.889-7.376); p < 0.001] and among children of underweight mothers [AOR = 3.897; 95% CI (1.404-10.820); p = 0.009]. Male children [AOR = 2.685; 95% CI (1.205-5.98); p = 0.016] and having low birth weight [AOR = 3.778; 95% CI (1.440-9.911); p < 0.001] were associated with higher odds of underweight in children.ConclusionMaternal height associated negatively with stunting but not wasting. Factors that affect low height -for-age z-score (HAZ) may not necessarily be the same as stunting. Infant and child feeding practices as measured by dietary diversity score associated positively with weight-for-height Z-scores than length-for-age Z-scores of young children. Surprisingly, consumption of some specific food groups including, animal source foods, legumes, staples and eggs were associated with lower HAZ but with increased likelihood of higher WHZ among children 6-59 months.
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Project description:ObjectiveMalnutrition is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional status of children under 5 years of teenage and adult mothers in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. A case-control study involving 300 (150 cases, 150 controls) mother-child pairs was carried out. A questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and children and anthropometry was used to assess the nutritional status of children. Anthropometric z-scores derived based on WHO Child Growth Standards were used to determine stunting, wasting and underweight statuses of children. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the nutritional status of children of teenage and adult mothers.ResultsChildren of teenage mothers, compared to those of adult mothers, were 8 times more likely to be stunted [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 7.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.20-13.63], 3 times more likely to be wasted (AOR = 2.90; 95% CI 1.04-8.04), and 13 times more likely to be underweight (AOR = 12.78; 95% CI 4.69-34.81) after adjusting for potential confounders. The risk of child malnutrition increases with young maternal age; interventions should be targeted at teenage mothers and their children to reduce the risk of malnutrition.
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Project description:Importance:Evidence on the relative importance of various factors associated with child anthropometric failures (ie, stunting, underweight, and wasting) and their heterogeneity across countries can inform global and national health agendas. Objective:To assess the relative significance of factors associated with child anthropometric failures in 35 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Design, Setting, and Participants:This cross-sectional study of 299?353 children who were born singleton and aged 12 to 59 months with nonpregnant mothers and valid anthropometric measures assessed the strengths of associations of 26 factors with child stunting, underweight, and wasting, using Demographic and Health Surveys (2007-2018) from 35 LMICs. Data analysis was conducted from July 2019 to February 2020. Exposures:A total of 9 direct factors (ie, dietary diversity score; breastfeeding initiation; vitamin A supplements; use of iodized salt; infectious disease in past 2 weeks; oral rehydration therapy for children with diarrhea; care seeking for suspected pneumonia; full vaccination; and indoor pollution) and 17 indirect factors (household wealth; maternal and paternal education; maternal and paternal height and body mass index; maternal autonomy for health care, movement, and money; water source; sanitation facility; stool disposal; antenatal care; skilled birth attendant at delivery; family planning needs; and maternal marriage age) were assessed. Main Outcomes and Measures:Three anthropometric failure outcomes were constructed based on the 2006 World Health Organization child growth standards: stunting (height-for-age z score less than -2 standard deviations [SDs]), underweight (weight-for-age z score less than -2 SDs), and wasting (weight-for-height z score less than -2 SDs). Results:Among the 299?353 children aged 12 to 59 months included in the analysis, 38.8% (95% CI, 38.6%-38.9%) had stunting, 27.5% (95% CI, 27.3%-27.6%) had underweight, and 12.9% (95% CI, 12.8%-13.0%) had wasting. In the pooled sample, short maternal height was the strongest factor associated with child stunting (odds ratio [OR], 4.7; 95% CI, 4.5-5.0; P?<?.001), followed by lack of maternal education (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.8-2.0; P?<?.001), poorest household wealth (OR, 1.7; 95% CI,1.6-1.8; P?<?.001), and low maternal body mass index (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.6-1.7; P?<?.001). Short paternal height was also significantly associated with higher odds of stunting (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.7-2.2; P?<?.001). Consistent results were found for underweight (eg, short maternal height: OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 3.3-3.7; P?<?.001; lack of maternal education: OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.7-2.0; P?<?.001) and wasting (eg, low maternal body mass index: OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 2.1-2,4; P?<?.001; poorest household wealth: OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3; P?<?.001). Parental nutritional status and household socioeconomic conditions ranked the strongest (1st to 4th) for most countries, with a few exceptions (eg, lack of maternal education ranked 18th-20th in 8 countries for child wasting). Other factors were not associated with anthropometric failures in pooled analysis and had large country-level heterogeneity; for example, unsafe water was not associated with child underweight in the pooled analysis (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-1.00; P?<?.001), and it ranked from 4th to 20th across countries. Conclusions and Relevance:In this study, socioeconomic conditions and parental nutritional status were the strongest factors associated with child anthropometric failures. Poverty reduction, women's education, and nutrition programs for households could be important strategies for reducing child undernutrition; however, country-specific contexts should be considered in national policy discussions.
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