Dataset Information

Association of Neighborhood-Level Disadvantage With Cerebral and Hippocampal Volume.

ABSTRACT: Importance:Identifying risk factors for brain atrophy during the aging process can help direct new preventive approaches for dementia and cognitive decline. The association of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage with brain volume in this context is not well known. Objective:To test whether neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with decreased brain volume in a cognitively unimpaired population enriched for Alzheimer disease risk. Design, Setting, and Participants:This study, conducted from January 6, 2010, to January 17, 2019, at an academic research neuroimaging center, used cross-sectional data on 951 participants from 2 large, ongoing cohort studies of Alzheimer disease (Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention and Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center clinical cohort). Participants were cognitively unimpaired based on National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroup diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease, confirmed through a consensus diagnosis panel. The cohort was enriched for Alzheimer disease risk based on family history of dementia. Statistical analysis was performed from April 3 to September 27, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures:The Area Deprivation Index, a geospatially determined index of neighborhood-level disadvantage, and cardiovascular disease risk indices were calculated for each participant. Linear regression models were fitted to test associations between relative neighborhood-level disadvantage (highest 20% based on state of residence) and hippocampal and total brain tissue volume, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Results:In the primary analysis of 951 participants (637 women [67.0%]; mean [SD] age, 63.9 [8.1] years), living in the 20% most disadvantaged neighborhoods was associated with 4.1% lower hippocampal volume (??=?-317.44; 95% CI, -543.32 to -91.56; P?=?.006) and 2.0% lower total brain tissue volume (??=?-20?959.67; 95% CI, -37?611.92 to -4307.43; P?=?.01), after controlling for intracranial volume, individual-level educational attainment, age, and sex. Robust propensity score-matched analyses determined that this association was not due to racial/ethnic or demographic characteristics. Cardiovascular risk score, examined in a subsample of 893 participants, mediated this association for total brain tissue but not for hippocampal volume. Conclusions and Relevance:For cognitively unimpaired individuals, living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods was associated with significantly lower cerebral volumes, after controlling for maximal premorbid (total intracranial) volume. This finding suggests an association of community socioeconomic context, distinct from individual-level socioeconomic status, with brain volume during aging. Cardiovascular risk mediated this association for total brain tissue volume but not for hippocampal volume, suggesting that neighborhood-level disadvantage may be associated with these 2 outcomes via distinct biological pathways.

SUBMITTER: Hunt JFV

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6990953 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Association of Neighborhood-Level Disadvantage With Cerebral and Hippocampal Volume.

Hunt Jack F V JFV Buckingham William W Kim Alice J AJ Oh Jennifer J Vogt Nicholas M NM Jonaitis Erin M EM Hunt Tenah K TK Zuelsdorff Megan M Powell Ryan R Norton Derek D Rissman Robert A RA Asthana Sanjay S Okonkwo Ozioma C OC Johnson Sterling C SC Kind Amy J H AJH Bendlin Barbara B BB

JAMA neurology 20200401 4

<h4>Importance</h4>Identifying risk factors for brain atrophy during the aging process can help direct new preventive approaches for dementia and cognitive decline. The association of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage with brain volume in this context is not well known.<h4>Objective</h4>To test whether neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with decreased brain volume in a cognitively unimpaired population enriched for Alzheimer disease risk.<h4>Design, setting, and pa ...[more]

PMID: 31904767

Similar Datasets

Project description:Importance:Social determinants of health, such as income, education, housing quality, and employment, are associated with disparities in Alzheimer disease and health generally, yet these determinants are rarely incorporated within neuropathology research. Objective:To establish the feasibility of linking neuropathology data to social determinants of health exposures using neighborhood disadvantage metrics (the validated Area Deprivation Index) and to evaluate the association between neighborhood disadvantage and Alzheimer disease-related neuropathology. Design, Setting, and Participants:This cross-sectional study consisted of decedents with a known home address who donated their brains to 1 of 2 Alzheimer disease research center brain banks in California and Wisconsin between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2016. Neither site had preexisting social metrics available for their decedents. Neuropathologic features were obtained from each site for data collected using the standardized Neuropathology Data Set form and from autopsy reports. Data were analyzed from June 7 to October 10, 2019. Exposures:Geocoded decedent addresses linked to neighborhood disadvantage as measured by the Area Deprivation Index calculated for the year of death. Main Outcomes and Measures:Presence of Alzheimer disease neuropathology. The association between neighborhood disadvantage and Alzheimer disease neuropathology was evaluated via logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, and year of death. Results:The sample consisted of 447 decedents (249 men [56%]; mean [SD] age, 80.3 [9.5] years; median year of death, 2011) spanning 24 years of donation. Fewer decedents (n?=?24 [5.4%]) originated from the top 20% most disadvantaged neighborhood contexts. Increasing neighborhood disadvantage was associated with an 8.1% increase in the odds of Alzheimer disease neuropathology for every decile change on the Area Deprivation Index (adjusted odds ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.07-1.09). As such, living in the most disadvantaged neighborhood decile was associated with a 2.18 increased odds of Alzheimer disease neuropathology (adjusted odds ratio, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.99-2.39). Conclusions and Relevance:The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that social determinants of health data can be linked to preexisting autopsy samples as a means to study sociobiological mechanisms involved in neuropathology. This novel technique has the potential to be applied to any brain bank within the United States. To our knowledge, this is the first time Alzheimer disease neuropathology has been associated with neighborhood disadvantage.

Project description:ImportanceDNA methylation has been proposed as an epigenetic mechanism by which the childhood neighborhood environment may have implications for the genome that compromise adult health.ObjectiveTo ascertain whether childhood neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with differences in DNA methylation by age 18 years.Design, setting, and participantsThis longitudinal cohort study analyzed data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative birth cohort of children born between 1994 and 1995 in England and Wales and followed up from age 5 to 18 years. Data analysis was performed from March 15, 2019, to June 30, 2019.ExposuresHigh-resolution neighborhood data (indexing deprivation, dilapidation, disconnection, and dangerousness) collected across childhood.Main outcomes and measuresDNA methylation in whole blood was drawn at age 18 years. Associations between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and methylation were tested using 3 prespecified approaches: (1) testing probes annotated to candidate genes involved in biological responses to growing up in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods and investigated in previous epigenetic research (stress reactivity-related and inflammation-related genes), (2) polyepigenetic scores indexing differential methylation in phenotypes associated with growing up in disadvantaged neighborhoods (obesity, inflammation, and smoking), and (3) a theory-free epigenome-wide association study.ResultsA total of 1619 participants (806 female individuals [50%]) had complete neighborhood and DNA methylation data. Children raised in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods exhibited differential DNA methylation in genes involved in inflammation (β = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.06-0.19; P < .001) and smoking (β = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.11-0.25; P < .001) but not obesity (β = 0.05; 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.11; P = .12). An epigenome-wide association study identified multiple CpG sites at an arraywide significance level of P < 1.16 × 10-7 in genes involved in the metabolism of hydrocarbons. Associations between neighborhood disadvantage and methylation were small but robust to family-level socioeconomic factors and to individual-level tobacco smoking.Conclusions and relevanceChildren raised in more socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods appeared to enter young adulthood epigenetically distinct from their less disadvantaged peers. This finding suggests that epigenetic regulation may be a mechanism by which the childhood neighborhood environment alters adult health.

Project description:ImportanceDecades of inequitable policies in the US have yielded disparities in neighborhood quality, and some studies show that living in a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhood is associated with worse health outcomes, including reproductive health outcomes. However, no US studies to date have directly examined the association between residence in disadvantaged neighborhoods and fertility.ObjectiveTo examine the association between residence in disadvantaged neighborhoods and fecundability, a sensitive marker of fertility with many health implications.Design, setting, and participantsThis prospective preconception cohort study used the Pregnancy Study Online, for which baseline data were collected from June 19, 2013, through April 12, 2019. The study included 6356 participants who identified as female, were 21 to 45 years of age, were attempting conception without fertility treatment, and provided a valid residential address in the contiguous US at enrollment.ExposuresA standardized area deprivation index (ADI) derived at the census block group level applied to each residential address.Main outcomes and measuresFecundability, the per-cycle probability of conception, via questionnaires that were completed every 8 weeks for 12 months, until conception or a censoring event. Proportional probabilities models were used to estimate fecundability ratios and 95% CIs for associations between ADI and fecundability. Restricted cubic splines were also implemented to examine nonlinearity. Models were adjusted for demographic characteristics and factors associated with fertility. The study's a priori hypothesis was that higher levels of neighborhood disadvantage would be associated with decreased fecundability.ResultsAmong 6356 participants, 3725 pregnancies were observed for 27 427 menstrual cycles of follow-up. The mean (SD) baseline age was 30.0 (4.1) years, and most participants were non-Hispanic White (5297 [83.3%]) and nulliparous (4179 [65.7%]). Comparing the top and bottom deciles of disadvantaged neighborhood status, adjusted fecundability ratios were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.66-0.96) for national-level ADI rankings and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.65-0.92) for within-state ADI rankings. Restricted cubic splines showed some evidence of nonlinearity in the association. Associations were slightly stronger among participants with lower annual incomes (<$50 000).Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study, residence in a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhood was associated with moderately decreased fecundability. If confirmed in other studies, these results suggest that investments to reduce disadvantaged neighborhood status may yield positive cobenefits for fertility.

Dataset Information

Association of Neighborhood-Level Disadvantage With Cerebral and Hippocampal Volume.

Publications

Association of Neighborhood-Level Disadvantage With Cerebral and Hippocampal Volume.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets