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Diet and Kidney Function: a Literature Review.

ABSTRACT: PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide. For CKD prevention, it is important to gain insight in commonly consumed foods and beverages in relation to kidney function. RECENT FINDINGS:We included 21 papers of prospective cohort studies with 3-24 years of follow-up. We focused on meat, fish, dairy, vegetables, fruit, coffee, tea, soft drinks, and dietary patterns. There was convincing evidence that a healthy dietary pattern may lower CKD risk. Plant-based foods, coffee, and dairy may be beneficial. Unhealthy diets and their components, such as red (processed) meat and sugar-sweetened beverages, may promote kidney function loss. For other foods and beverages, associations with CKD were neutral and/or the number of studies was too limited to draw conclusions. Healthy dietary patterns are associated with a lower risk of CKD. More research is needed into the effects of specific food groups and beverages on kidney function.

SUBMITTER: van Westing AC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6997266 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diet and Kidney Function: a Literature Review.

van Westing A C AC Küpers L K LK Geleijnse J M JM

Current hypertension reports 20200203 2

<h4>Purpose of review</h4>The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide. For CKD prevention, it is important to gain insight in commonly consumed foods and beverages in relation to kidney function.<h4>Recent findings</h4>We included 21 papers of prospective cohort studies with 3-24 years of follow-up. We focused on meat, fish, dairy, vegetables, fruit, coffee, tea, soft drinks, and dietary patterns. There was convincing evidence that a healthy dietary pattern may lower CKD r ...[more]

PMID: 32016564

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Project description:Background and objectivesDespite improvement of short-term graft survival over recent years, long-term graft survival after kidney transplantation has not improved. Studies in the general population suggest the Mediterranean diet benefits kidney function preservation. We investigated whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with kidney outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe included 632 adult kidney transplant recipients with a functioning graft for ≥1 year. Dietary intake was inquired using a 177-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using a nine-point Mediterranean Diet Score. Primary end point of the study was graft failure and secondary end points included kidney function decline (doubling of serum creatinine or graft failure) and graft loss (graft failure or death with a functioning graft). Cox regression analyses were used to prospectively study the associations of the Mediterranean Diet Score with study end points.ResultsDuring median follow-up of 5.4 (interquartile range, 4.9-6.0) years, 76 participants developed graft failure, 119 developed kidney function decline, and 181 developed graft loss. The Mediterranean Diet Score was inversely associated with all study end points (graft failure: hazard ratio [HR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.50 to 0.91; kidney function decline: HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.85; and graft loss: HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.88 per two-point increase in Mediterranean Diet Score) independent of potential confounders. We identified 24-hour urinary protein excretion and time since transplantation to be an effect modifier, with stronger inverse associations between the Mediterranean Diet Score and kidney outcomes observed in participants with higher urinary protein excretion and participants transplanted more recently.ConclusionsAdherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with better kidney function outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.

Project description:Background and objectivesAdherence to a Mediterranean diet may link to a better preserved kidney function in the community as well as a favorable cardiometabolic profile and reduced mortality risk in individuals with manifest CKD.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsDietary habits were determined by 7-day dietary records in a population-based cohort of 1110 Swedish men (age 70 years) from 1991 to 1995, 506 of whom were considered to have CKD because of a GFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). A Mediterranean Diet Score was calculated, and participants were categorized as having low, medium, or high adherence. Adequate dietary reporters were identified with Goldberg cutoffs (n=597). Deaths were registered during a median follow-up of 9.9 years.ResultsCompared with low adherents, medium and high adherents were 23% and 42% less likely to have CKD, respectively (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]=0.77 [0.57 to 1.05] and 0.58 [0.38 to 0.87], respectively, P for trend=0.04). Among those individuals with CKD, phosphate intake and net endogenous acid production were progressively lower across increasing adherence groups. No differences were observed regarding other cardiometabolic risk factors across adherence groups. As many as 168 (33%) CKD individuals died during follow-up. Compared with low adherents, proportional hazards regression associated medium and high adherents to a 25% and 23% lower mortality risk, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]=0.75 [0.52 to 1.06] and 0.77 [0.44 to 1.36], respectively, P for trend=0.10). Sensitivity analyses showed significant and stronger associations when only adequate dietary reporters were considered.ConclusionsAdherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with lower likelihood of CKD in elderly men. A greater adherence to this diet independently predicted survival in those patients with manifest CKD. Clinical trials are warranted to test the hypothesis that following such a diet could improve outcomes (independent of other healthy lifestyles) in CKD patients.

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Diet and Kidney Function: a Literature Review.

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Diet and Kidney Function: a Literature Review.

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