Dataset Information

Pemetrexed, Bevacizumab, or the Combination As Maintenance Therapy for Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: ECOG-ACRIN 5508.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

Pemetrexed or bevacizumab is used for maintenance therapy of advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The combination of bevacizumab and pemetrexed has also demonstrated efficacy. We conducted a randomized study to determine the optimal maintenance therapy.

Patients and methods

Patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC and no prior systemic therapy received carboplatin (area under the curve, 6), paclitaxel (200 mg/m²), and bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) for up to four cycles. Patients without progression after four cycles were randomly assigned to maintenance therapy with bevacizumab (15 mg/kg), pemetrexed (500 mg/m²), or a combination of the two agents. The primary end point was overall survival, with bevacizumab serving as the control group.

Results

Of the 1,516 patients enrolled, 874 (57%) were randomly assigned after induction therapy to one of the three maintenance therapy groups. With a median follow-up of 50.6 months, median survival with pemetrexed was 15.9 months, compared with 14.4 months with bevacizumab (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; P = .12); median survival with pemetrexed and bevacizumab was 16.4 months (HR, 0.9; P = .28); median progression-free survival was 4.2, 5.1 (HR, 0.85; P = .06), and 7.5 months (HR, 0.67; P < .001) for the three groups, respectively. Incidence of worst grade 3 to 4 toxicity was 29%, 37%, and 51%, respectively, for bevacizumab, pemetrexed, and the combination regimen.

Conclusion

Single-agent bevacizumab or pemetrexed is efficacious as maintenance therapy for advanced nonsquamous NSCLC. Because of a lack of survival benefit and higher toxicity, the combination of bevacizumab and pemetrexed cannot be recommended.

SUBMITTER: Ramalingam SS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7001786 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Pemetrexed, Bevacizumab, or the Combination As Maintenance Therapy for Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: ECOG-ACRIN 5508.

Ramalingam Suresh S SS Dahlberg Suzanne E SE Belani Chandra P CP Saltzman Joel N JN Pennell Nathan A NA Nambudiri Gopakumar S GS McCann John C JC Winegarden Jerome D JD Kassem Mohammed A MA Mohamed Mohamed K MK Rothman Jan M JM Lyss Alan P AP Horn Leora L Stinchcombe Thomas E TE Schiller Joan H JH

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 20190730 26

<h4>Purpose</h4>Pemetrexed or bevacizumab is used for maintenance therapy of advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The combination of bevacizumab and pemetrexed has also demonstrated efficacy. We conducted a randomized study to determine the optimal maintenance therapy.<h4>Patients and methods</h4>Patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC and no prior systemic therapy received carboplatin (area under the curve, 6), paclitaxel (200 mg/m<sup>2</sup>), and bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) f ...[more]

PMID: 31361535

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Project description:IntroductionPRONOUNCE compared the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed+carboplatin followed by pemetrexed (Pem+Cb) with paclitaxel+carboplatin+bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab (Pac+Cb+Bev) in patients with advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsPatients ≥18 years of age with stage IV nonsquamous NSCLC (American Joint Committee on Cancer v7.0), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0/1 were randomized (1:1) to four cycles of induction Pem+Cb (pemetrexed, 500 mg/m, carboplatin, area under the curve = 6) followed by Pem maintenance or Pac+Cb+Bev (paclitaxel, 200 mg/m, carboplatin, area under the curve = 6, and bevacizumab, 15 mg/kg) followed by Bev maintenance in the absence of progressive disease or discontinuation. The primary objective was progression-free survival (PFS) without grade 4 toxicity (G4PFS). Secondary end points were PFS, overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety. Resource utilization was also assessed.ResultsBaseline characteristics of the patients randomized to Pem+Cb (N = 182) and Pac+Cb+Bev (N = 179) were well balanced between the arms. Median (months) G4PFS was 3.91 for Pem+Cb and 2.86 for Pac+Cb+Bev (hazard ratio = 0.85, 90% confidence interval, 0.7-1.04; p = 0.176); PFS, OS, ORR, or DCR did not differ significantly between the arms. Significantly more drug-related grade 3/4 anemia (18.7% versus 5.4%) and thrombocytopenia (24.0% versus 9.6%) were reported for Pem+Cb. Significantly more grade 3/4 neutropenia (48.8% versus 24.6%), grade 1/2 alopecia (28.3% versus 8.2%), and grade 1/2 sensory neuropathy were reported for Pac+Cb+Bev. Number of hospitalizations and overall length of stay did not differ significantly between the arms.ConclusionsPem+Cb did not produce significantly better G4PFS compared with Pac+Cb+Bev. Pem+Cb was not superior in PFS, OS, ORR, or DCR compared with Pac+Cb+Bev. Both regimens were well tolerated, although, toxicity profiles differed.

Project description:ImportanceFew clinical trials have been specifically designed for elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the anticipated increase in the number of such patients has prompted a search for new treatment options that provide a greater palliative benefit.ObjectiveTo determine whether treatment with carboplatin plus pemetrexed followed by pemetrexed maintenance is noninferior compared with docetaxel monotherapy with regard to overall survival (OS) for elderly patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC.Design, setting, and participantsThis open-label, multicenter, noninferiority phase 3 randomized clinical trial was conducted at 79 institutions in Japan. Cytotoxic chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1, and age of 75 years or older were enrolled between August 2013 and February 2017. Data were analyzed from November 2018 to February 2019.InterventionsPatients were randomized to receive either docetaxel monotherapy (60 mg/m2) every 3 weeks or 4 cycles of carboplatin (area under the curve of 5) plus pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) administered every 3 weeks followed by maintenance therapy with the same dose of pemetrexed for 3 weeks.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary end point was OS analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis with a noninferiority margin of 1.154 for the upper limit of the 95% CI of the hazard ratio (HR) estimated with a stratified Cox regression model.ResultsOf the 433 enrolled patients, 250 (57.7%) were male, and the median (range) age was 78 (75-88) years. The median OS was 15.5 months (95% CI, 13.6-18.4) in the docetaxel group (n?=?217) and 18.7 months (95% CI, 16.0-21.9) in the carboplatin-pemetrexed group (n?=?216), with a stratified HR for OS of 0.850 (95% CI, 0.684-1.056; P for noninferiority?=?.003). Progression-free survival was also longer in the carboplatin-pemetrexed group (unstratified HR, 0.739; 95% CI, 0.609-0.896). Compared with those in the docetaxel group, those in the carboplatin-pemetrexed had lower rates of leukopenia (60 of 214 [28.0%] vs 147 of 214 [68.7%]) and neutropenia (99 of 214 [46.3%] vs 184 of 214 [86.0%]) of grade 3 or 4 and of febrile neutropenia (9 of 214 [4.2%] vs 38 of 214 [17.8%]) and higher rates of thrombocytopenia (55 of 214 [25.7%] vs 3 of 214 [1.4%]) and anemia (63 of 214 [29.4%] vs 4 of 214 [1.9%]) of grade 3 or 4. Dose reductions were less frequent with carboplatin-pemetrexed.Conclusion and relevanceCarboplatin-pemetrexed treatment followed by pemetrexed maintenance is a valid option for first-line treatment of elderly patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC.Trial registrationUniversity Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: UMIN000011460.

Project description:ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed, carboplatin and bevacizumab (PCB) followed by maintenance therapy with pemetrexed and bevacizumab (PB) in chemotherapy-naïve patients with stage IV non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through the influence of thymidylate synthase (TS) protein and mRNA expression on several outcomes. The primary endpoints were the overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).MethodsA cohort of 144 patients were administered pemetrexed (500 mg/m2), carboplatin (AUC, 5.0 mg/ml/min) and bevacizumab (7.5 mg/kg) intravenously every three weeks for up to four cycles. Maintenance PB was administered until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.ResultsOne hundred forty-four Colombian patients with a median follow-up of 13.8 months and a median number of 6 maintenance cycles (range, 1-32) were assessed. The ORR among the patients was 66% (95% CI, 47% to 79%). The median PFS and (OS) rates were 7.9 months (95% CI, 5.9-10.0 months) and 21.4 months (95% CI, 18.3 to 24.4 months), respectively. We documented grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities, including anemia (14%), neutropenia (8%), and thrombocytopenia (16%). The identified grade 3/4 non-hematologic toxicities were proteinuria (2%), venous thrombosis (4%), fatigue (11%), infection (6%), nephrotoxicity (2%), and sensory neuropathy (4%). No grade >3 hemorrhagic events or hypertension cases were reported. OS was significantly higher in patients with the lowest TS mRNA levels [median, 29.6 months (95% CI, 26.2-32.9)] compared with those in patients with higher levels [median, 9.3 months (95% CI, 6.6-12.0); p = 0.0001]. TS expression (mRNA levels or protein expression) did not influence the treatment response.ConclusionOverall, PCB followed by maintenance pemetrexed and bevacizumab was effective and tolerable in Hispanic patients with non-squamous NSCLC. This regimen was associated with acceptable toxicity and prolonged OS, particularly in patients with low TS expression. We found a role for Ki67 and TS expression as prognostic factors.

Project description:Regorafenib is an oral multitargeted kinase inhibitor with potent antiangiogenic activity. In this phase I trial we evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of regorafenib with cisplatin and pemetrexed for patients with advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancers (nsNSCLCs). Nine patients enrolled before premature termination of the study. Five of 9 (56%) patients had a partial response and the median progression-free survival was 7 months (range, 1.5-15.1 months). Regorafenib had acceptable tolerability and minor pharmacokinetic interactions in combination with standard doses of cisplatin and pemetrexed in patients with advanced nsNSCLCs.The combination of bevacizumab, an antiangiogenesis agent, with cytotoxic chemotherapy improves survival in patients with advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancers (nsNSCLCs). Regorafenib is an oral multitargeted kinase inhibitor with potent antiangiogenic activity that is approved for patients with advanced colorectal cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In this phase I trial we evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and efficacy of regorafenib with cisplatin and pemetrexed for patients with advanced nsNSCLCs.Chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced nsNSCLCs were treated with regorafenib 60 mg/d continuously and cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) with pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) once every 21 days for up to 6 cycles. Thereafter, regorafenib with or without pemetrexed could be continued as maintenance.Nine patients enrolled before premature termination of the study because of slow recruitment and a change in the development strategy of regorafenib by the study sponsor. Five patients experienced at least 1 treatment-related Grade 3 adverse event. No Grade 4 or 5 toxicity occurred. Five of 9 (56%) patients had a partial response and the median progression-free survival was 7 months (range, 1.5-15.1 months). Minor PK interactions between regorafenib and chemotherapy were observed.Regorafenib had acceptable tolerability and minor PK interactions in combination with standard doses of cisplatin and pemetrexed in patients with advanced nsNSCLCs. Encouraging activity was appreciated in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced nsNSCLCs. However, the small number of patients treated limits conclusions that can be drawn from these results.

Dataset Information

Pemetrexed, Bevacizumab, or the Combination As Maintenance Therapy for Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: ECOG-ACRIN 5508.

Purpose

Patients and methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Pemetrexed, Bevacizumab, or the Combination As Maintenance Therapy for Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: ECOG-ACRIN 5508.

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