Dataset Information

Development of the Ileal Microbiota in Three Broiler Breeds.

ABSTRACT: The development and succession of the microbiota in ileal mucus and lumen samples from three breeds of broiler chicken (Cobb 500, n = 36; Hubbard JA87, n = 38; and Ross 308, n = 36) was observed between 3 and 42 days post hatch (d.p.h). Chicks were housed in the same room of a climate-controlled, biosecure chicken housing unit. Between 0 and 14 d.p.h, chicks were kept in three circular brooder pens ensuring a mixture of breeds in each brooder. From 22 d.p.h, chicks were removed from the brooders and kept in the same room. DNA was extracted from a pooled sample of ileal mucus and luminal contents taken from five birds of each breed at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 d.p.h. High-throughput Illumina sequencing was performed for the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The initial microbiota in the ileum varied between breeds. The common features were a low diversity and general dominance by one or two taxa such as Enterococcus or Escherichia with relatively low numbers of Lactobacillus. Escherichia became the most abundant genus in samples where Enterococcus was previously the dominant taxa. The next phase of development was marked by an increase in the abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus in the mucus and Lactobacillus in the lumen. The high abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus persisted between 7 and 14 d.p.h after which Lactobacillus became the most abundant genus in both the mucus and lumen. Dominance of the ileal microbiota by Lactobacillus was a transient feature. By 42 d.p.h, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus had fallen while a range of other taxa including Escherichia, Turicibacter, and members of Clostridiales increased. This general pattern was followed by all breeds, however, the rate at which succession occurred differed as Ross matured quicker than Cobb with Hubbard as an intermediate.

SUBMITTER: Richards-Rios P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7002466 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Development of the Ileal Microbiota in Three Broiler Breeds.

Richards-Rios Peter P Fothergill Jo J Bernardeau Marion M Wigley Paul P

Frontiers in veterinary science 20200130

The development and succession of the microbiota in ileal mucus and lumen samples from three breeds of broiler chicken (Cobb 500, n = 36; Hubbard JA87, n = 38; and Ross 308, n = 36) was observed between 3 and 42 days post hatch (d.p.h). Chicks were housed in the same room of a climate-controlled, biosecure chicken housing unit. Between 0 and 14 d.p.h, chicks were kept in three circular brooder pens ensuring a mixture of breeds in each brooder. From 22 d.p.h, chicks were remo ...[more]

PMID: 32083101

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Project description:The development of the caecal microbiota plays a role in the metabolism and immune competence of chickens. A detailed understanding of normal succession in the caecal microbiota can inform the use of probiotics and other interventions to optimize the caecal microbiota. The development of the microbiota in caecal mucus and lumen samples from three breeds of broiler chicken (Cobb 500, n = 36; Hubbard JA87, n = 38; and Ross 308, n = 36) was observed between 0 and 42 days post hatch. Chicks were housed in the same room of a climate-controlled, biosecure chicken housing unit. Between 0 and 14 days post hatch, chicks were kept in brooder pens ensuring a mixture of breeds in each brooder. From 22 days post hatch, chicks were removed from the brooders and kept in the same room. DNA was extracted from a pooled sample of caecal mucus and luminal contents from five birds of each breed at 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 days post hatch. High-throughput Illumina sequencing was performed for the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The early caecal microbiota was characterized by poor diversity and dominance by one or two bacterial species. Early colonizers of the caecum included Bifidobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae and Burkholderiaceae with some amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) assigned to Ruminococcaceae. Later colonizers of the caecal microbiota were most apparent from 14 d.p.h and included Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiales vadin BB60 group, Christensenellaceae and Bacillaceae. The caecal microbiota continued to change until 42 d.p.h when the microbiota was characterized by a high abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. The lumen microbiota was significantly different to the mucus with some ASVs assigned to Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae and Bacillaceae showing increased abundance in the mucus. ASVs assigned to Bacteroidaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Burkholderiaceae showed a preference for the lumen. Analysis of five caecal mucus samples from each breed at 42 days post hatch showed differences in microbiota composition between Ross and Cobb as well as between Ross and Hubbard. Since performance data was not collected no functional inferences as to the significance of this finding can be made.

Project description:Phytase is well studied and explored, however, little is known about its effects on the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. In total, 400 one-day-old female Ross 308 chicks were randomly distributed to four experimental groups. The dietary treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 complete factorial design, with the factors being adequate (PC) or insufficient calcium (Ca) and digestible phosphor (dP)(NC) and with or without 5000 phytase units (FTU)/kg of Escherichia coli 6-phytase. The gastrointestinal tract pH values, ileal microbial communities and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the digesta were determined. The reduction in Ca and dP concentration significantly affected pH in the crop and caeca, and addition of phytase to the NC resulted in a pH increase in the ileum. The reduction in Ca and dP concentration significantly lowered, while phytase supplementation increased ileal total bacterial counts. Additionally, the deficient diet reduced butyrate- but increased lactate-producing bacteria. The addition of phytase increased Lactobacillus sp./Enterococcus sp. whereas in case of Clostridium leptum subgroup, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale cluster, Bifidobacterium sp. and Streptococcus/Lactococcus counts, a significant Ca and dP level x phytase interaction was found. However, the recorded interactions indicated that the effects of phytase and Ca and dP levels were not consistent. Furthermore, the reduction of Ca and dP level lowered Clostridium perfringens and Enterobacteriaceae counts. The analysis of fermentation products showed that reducing the Ca and dP content in the diet reduced total SCFA, DL-lactate, and acetic acid in the ileum whereas phytase increased concentrations of these acids in the NC group. This suggests that P is a factor which limits fermentation in the ileum. It may be concluded that phytase plays a role in modulating the gut microbiota of chicken, however, this is clearly linked with the levels of P and Ca in a diet.

Project description:This study aimed to investigate the effects of glucose oxidase (GOD) supplementation on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients, intestinal morphology, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbiota in the ileum of broilers. Six hundred 1-day-old male broilers were randomly allotted to four groups of 10 replicates each with 15 birds per replicate cage. The four treatments included the basal diet without antibiotics (Control) and the basal diet supplemented with 250, 500, or 1000 U GOD/kg diet (E250, E500 or E1000). The samples of different intestinal segments, ileal mucosa, and ileal digesta were collected on d 42. Dietary GOD supplementation did not affect daily bodyweight gain (DBWG) and the ratio of feed consumption and bodyweight gain (FCR) during d 1-21 (p > 0.05); however, the E250 treatment increased DBWG (p = 0.03) during d 22-42 as compared to control. Dietary GOD supplementation increased the AIDs of arginine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, cysteine, serine, and tyrosine (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed among the GOD added groups. The E250 treatment increased the villus height of the jejunum and ileum. The concentrations of secreted immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in ileal mucosa and the contents of acetic acid and butyric acid in ileal digesta were higher in the E250 group than in the control (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences among E500, E1000, and control groups. The E250 treatment increased the richness of ileal microbiota, but E500 and E100 treatment did not significantly affect it. Dietary E250 treatment increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum and Lactobacillus genus, while it decreased the relative abundance of genus Escherichina-Shigella (p < 0.05). Phylum Fusobacteria only colonized in the ileal digesta of E500 treated broilers and E500 and E1000 did not affect the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum and Lactobacillus and Escherichina-Shigella genera as compared to control. These results suggested that dietary supplementation of 250 U GOD/kg diet improves the growth performance of broilers during d 22-42, which might be associated with the alteration of the intestinal morphology, SCFAs composition, and ileal microbiota composition.

Project description:BackgroundIntestinal microbiota is critical for maintaining animal health and homeostasis. However, involvement of the fungal community, also known as the mycobiota, in animal health and disease is poorly understood. This study was aimed to examine the association between the intestinal mycobiota and the severity of necrotic enteritis (NE), an economically significant poultry disease.MethodsA total of 90 day-of-hatch Cobb broilers were infected with Eimeria maxima on d 10, followed by an oral challenge with C. perfringens on d 14 to induce NE, while another 10 broilers were served as mock-infected controls. On d 17, the lesions in the jejunum were scored, and the ileal digesta were subjected to DNA isolation and real-time PCR quantification of total bacterial and fungi populations. Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) amplicon sequencing was also performed to profile the ileal mycobiota composition. Changes in the ileal mycobiota in response to NE were investigated. Spearman correlation analysis was further conducted to identify the correlations between relative abundances of individual ileal fungi and the severity of NE.ResultsWhile the total bacterial population in the ileum was increased by 2- to 3-fold in NE chickens, the total fungal population was progressively declined in more exacerbated NE, with the most severely infected chickens showing a nearly 50-fold reduction relative to mock-infected controls. Richness of the ileal mycobiota also tended to reduce in chickens with NE (P = 0.06). Compositionally, among 30 most abundant fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), 11 were diminished and 7 were enriched (P < 0.05), while 12 remained largely unchanged in NE-afflicted chickens (P > 0.05). Multiple Wallemia and Aspergillus species were markedly diminished in NE (P < 0.05) and also showed a significant negative correlation with NE severity (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDysbiosis of the ileal mycobiota is induced evidently by NE and the extent of the dysbiosis is positively correlated with disease severity. These findings suggest a possible role of the intestinal mycobiota in NE pathogenesis and highlight the mycobiota as a new potential target for NE mitigation in poultry.

Dataset Information

Development of the Ileal Microbiota in Three Broiler Breeds.

Publications

Development of the Ileal Microbiota in Three Broiler Breeds.

Similar Datasets

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