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Divergent gene expression networks underlie morphological diversity of abscission zones in grasses.

ABSTRACT: Abscission is a process in which plants shed their parts, and is mediated by a particular set of cells, the abscission zone (AZ). In grasses (Poaceae), the position of the AZ differs among species, raising the question of whether its anatomical structure and genetic control are conserved. The ancestral position of the AZ was reconstructed. A combination of light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, RNA-Seq analyses and RNA in situ hybridisation were used to compare three species, two (weedy rice and Brachypodium distachyon) with the AZ in the ancestral position and one (Setaria viridis) with the AZ in a derived position below a cluster of flowers (spikelet). Rice and Brachypodium are more similar anatomically than Setaria. However, the cell wall properties and the transcriptome of rice and Brachypodium are no more similar to each other than either is to Setaria. The set of genes expressed in the studied tissues is generally conserved across species, but the precise developmental and positional patterns of expression and gene networks are almost entirely different. Transcriptional regulation of AZ development appears to be extensively rewired among the three species, leading to distinct anatomical and morphological outcomes.

SUBMITTER: Yu Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7003853 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Divergent gene expression networks underlie morphological diversity of abscission zones in grasses.

Yu Yunqing Y Hu Hao H Doust Andrew N AN Kellogg Elizabeth A EA

The New phytologist 20190828 4

Abscission is a process in which plants shed their parts, and is mediated by a particular set of cells, the abscission zone (AZ). In grasses (Poaceae), the position of the AZ differs among species, raising the question of whether its anatomical structure and genetic control are conserved. The ancestral position of the AZ was reconstructed. A combination of light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, RNA-Seq analyses and RNA in situ hybridisation were used to compare three species, two (w ...[more]

PMID: 31372996

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have been reported to regulate the plant tolerance to environmental stresses. Many plant GSTs exhibited the roles on promoting tolerance to drought stress, oxidative stress and plant hormones. The biological function of GSTs has been well characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to exogenous environmental stresses. However, their regulation function under exogenous environmental stresses regulating leaf abscission in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) remained unknown. RESULTS:Here, 83 GSTs were identified from tropical plant cassava. The amino acid motifs and phylogenetic analyses indicated that MeGSTs were divided into 9 classes. The global expression analyses were carried out to analyze the gene expression patterns of MeGST in cassava abscission zones by comparing the MeGST genes expression patterns in both ethylene and drought induced cassava leaf abscission. Totally, 34 GSTs were detected to express in both ethylene and drought induced leaf abscission in cassava abscission zones. Comparison of GST expression profiling between ethylene and drought induced leaf abscission suggested that Tau GST genes showed with the similar expression in both treatments induced leaf abscission in cassava abscission zone. GO annotation indicated that all 17 Tau GST genes participated in the pathway of toxin catabolism (GO: 0009407). The expression levels of 17 Tau MeGST genes were analyzed in two cassava cultivars, 'SC124' and 'Arg7', the two cultivars exhibit different levels of leaf abscission when suffered from the same environmental stress. Higher expression levels of Tau MeGSTs were detected in the precocious abscission Arg7 cultivar, while lower expression levels in delayed abscission SC124 cultivar. All the results indicated that Tau MeGSTs have the function in regulation the cassava leaf abscission under environmental stresses. CONCLUSION:Analysis of the expression patterns of GSTs in various abscission-promoting treatments in cassava abscission zones helps us to understand the possible roles of GSTs in cassava leaf abscission.

Project description:BACKGROUND AND AIMS: During seed fill in cereals, nutrients are symplasmically unloaded to vascular parenchyma in ovules, but thereafter nutrient transport is less certain. In Zea mays, two mechanisms of nutrient passage through the chalaza and nucellus have been hypothesized, apoplasmic and symplasmic. In a recent study, nutrients first passed non-selectively to the chalazal apoplasm and were then selectively absorbed by the nucellus before being released to the endosperm apoplasm. This study reports that the promoter of OUTER CELL LAYER3 (PSbOCL3) from Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) directs gene expression to chalazal cells where the apoplasmic barrier is thought to form. The aims were to elucidate PSbOCL3 expression patterns in sorghum and relate them to processes of nutrient pathway development in kernels and to recognized functions of the homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) IV transcription factor family to which the promoter belongs. METHODS: PSbOCL3 was cloned and transformed into sorghum as a promoter-GUS (?-glucuronidase) construct. Plant tissues from control and transformed plants were then stained for GUS, and kernels were cleared and characterized using differential interference contrast microscopy. KEY RESULTS: A symplasmic disconnect between the chalaza and nucellus during seed fill is inferred by the combination of two phenomena: differentiation of a distinct nucellar epidermis adjacent to the chalaza, and lysis of GUS-stained chalazal cells immediately proximal to the nucellar epidermis. Compression of the GUS-stained chalazal cells during kernel maturation produced the kernel abscission zone (closing layer). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the HD-Zip IV transcription factor SbOCL3 regulates kernel nutrition and abscission. The latter is consistent with evidence that members of this transcription factor group regulate silique abscission and dehiscence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Collectively, the findings suggest that processes of floral organ abscission are conserved among angiosperms and may in some respects differ from processes of leaf abscission.

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Divergent gene expression networks underlie morphological diversity of abscission zones in grasses.

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Divergent gene expression networks underlie morphological diversity of abscission zones in grasses.

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