Dataset Information

Premature Mortality Due to PM2.5 Over India: Effect of Atmospheric Transport and Anthropogenic Emissions.

ABSTRACT: The annual premature mortality in India attributed to exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) exceeds 1 million (Cohen et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6). Studies have estimated sector-specific premature mortality from ambient PM2.5 exposure in India and shown residential energy use is the dominant contributing sector. In this study, we estimate the contribution of PM2.5 and premature mortality from six regions of India in 2012 using the global chemical-transport model. We calculate how premature mortality in India is determined by the transport of pollution from different regions. Of the estimated 1.1 million annual premature deaths from PM2.5 in India, about ~60% was from anthropogenic pollutants emitted from within the region in which premature mortality occurred, ~19% was from transport of anthropogenic pollutants between different regions within India, ~16% was due to anthropogenic pollutants emitted outside of India, and ~4% was associated with natural PM2.5 sources. The emissions from Indo Gangetic Plain contributed to ~46% of total premature mortality over India, followed by Southern India (13%). Indo Gangetic Plain also contributed (~8%) to the most premature mortalities in other regions of India through transport. More than 50% of the premature mortality in Northern, Eastern, Western, and Central India was due to transport of PM2.5 from regions outside of these individual regions. Our results indicate that reduction in anthropogenic emissions over India, as well as its neighboring regions, will be required to reduce the health impact of ambient PM2.5 in India.

SUBMITTER: David LM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7007096 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Premature Mortality Due to PM2.5 Over India: Effect of Atmospheric Transport and Anthropogenic Emissions.

David Liji M LM Ravishankara A R AR Kodros John K JK Pierce Jeffrey R JR Venkataraman Chandra C Sadavarte Pankaj P

GeoHealth 20190105 1

The annual premature mortality in India attributed to exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) exceeds 1 million (Cohen et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6). Studies have estimated sector-specific premature mortality from ambient PM2.5 exposure in India and shown residential energy use is the dominant contributing sector. In this study, we estimate the contribution of PM2.5 and premature mortality from six regions of India in 2012 us ...[more]

PMID: 32159019

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Project description:Wildfire activity in the western United States (US) has been increasing, a trend that has been correlated with changing patterns of temperature and precipitation associated with climate change. Health effects associated with exposure to wildfire smoke and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) include short- and long-term premature mortality, hospital admissions, emergency department visits, and other respiratory and cardiovascular incidents. We estimate PM2.5 exposure and health impacts for the entire continental US from current and future western US wildfire activity projected for a range of future climate scenarios through the 21st century. We use a simulation approach to estimate wildfire activity, area burned, fine particulate emissions, air quality concentrations, health effects, and economic valuation of health effects, using established and novel methodologies. We find that climatic factors increase wildfire pollutant emissions by an average of 0.40% per year over the 2006-2100 period under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 (lower emissions scenarios) and 0.71% per year for RCP8.5. As a consequence, spatially weighted wildfire PM2.5 concentrations more than double for some climate model projections by the end of the 21st century. PM2.5 exposure changes, combined with population projections, result in a wildfire PM2.5-related premature mortality excess burden in the 2090 RCP8.5 scenario that is roughly 3.5 times larger than in the baseline period. The combined effect of increased wildfire activity, population growth, and increase in the valuation of avoided risk of premature mortality over time results in a large increase in total economic impact of wildfire-related PM2.5 mortality and morbidity in the continental US, from roughly $7 billion per year in the baseline period to roughly $36 billion per year in 2090 for RCP4.5, and $43 billion per year in RCP8.5. The climate effect alone accounts for a roughly 60% increase in wildfire PM2.5-related premature mortality in the RCP8.5 scenario, relative to baseline conditions.

Project description:Exposure to ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can cause adverse health effects, including premature mortality due to cardiopulmonary diseases and lung cancer. Recent studies quantify global air pollution mortality but not the contribution of different emissions sectors, or they focus on a specific sector.We estimated the global mortality burden of anthropogenic ozone and PM2.5, and the impact of five emissions sectors, using a global chemical transport model at a finer horizontal resolution (0.67° × 0.5°) than previous studies.We performed simulations for 2005 using the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), zeroing out all anthropogenic emissions and emissions from specific sectors (All Transportation, Land Transportation, Energy, Industry, and Residential and Commercial). We estimated premature mortality using a log-linear concentration-response function for ozone and an integrated exposure-response model for PM2.5.We estimated 2.23 (95% CI: 1.04, 3.33) million deaths/year related to anthropogenic PM2.5, with the highest mortality in East Asia (48%). The Residential and Commercial sector had the greatest impact globally-675 (95% CI: 428, 899) thousand deaths/year-and in most regions. Land Transportation dominated in North America (32% of total anthropogenic PM2.5 mortality), and it had nearly the same impact (24%) as Residential and Commercial (27%) in Europe. Anthropogenic ozone was associated with 493 (95% CI: 122, 989) thousand deaths/year, with the Land Transportation sector having the greatest impact globally (16%).The contributions of emissions sectors to ambient air pollution-related mortality differ among regions, suggesting region-specific air pollution control strategies. Global sector-specific actions targeting Land Transportation (ozone) and Residential and Commercial (PM2.5) sectors would particularly benefit human health. Citation: Silva RA, Adelman Z, Fry MM, West JJ. 2016. The impact of individual anthropogenic emissions sectors on the global burden of human mortality due to ambient air pollution. Environ Health Perspect 124:1776-1784;?http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP177.

Dataset Information

Premature Mortality Due to PM2.5 Over India: Effect of Atmospheric Transport and Anthropogenic Emissions.

Publications

Premature Mortality Due to PM<sub>2.5</sub> Over India: Effect of Atmospheric Transport and Anthropogenic Emissions.

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