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Influences of Resistance versus Aerobic Exercise on Physiological and Physical Fitness Changes in Previously Inactive Men with Obesity: A Prospective, Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

ABSTRACT: Purpose:The purpose of this study was to comparatively investigate changes in physiological and physical fitness in previously inactive men with obesity in response to aerobic exercise (AE) or resistance exercise (RE). Methods:A total of 27 inactive men with obesity, aged 34-60 years, attended a 90-min AE or RE program 3 days/week for 12 weeks. The subjects underwent assessments of energy intake (by a 3-day weighted dietary record), body weight (by a digital scale), body composition (by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), VO2max (by a cycling ergometer), muscle strength (by a Biodex System 3 dynamometer) and blood analysis. Results:There were no significant interactions (P = 0.100~0.730) among energy intake variables. RE led to decreased fat mass (-4.39%, P < 0.05) and improved cardiorespiratory capacity (+11.66%, P < 0.05), as well as increases in lean mass (+2.12%, P < 0.01) and muscle strength variables (+8.41~+11.00%, P < 0.01 for all), without significant weight change. Although AE induced decreases in fat mass (-5.91%, P < 0.05) and weight (-2.28%, P < 0.05) and improved cardiorespiratory capacity (+19.07%, P < 0.01), lean mass and muscle strength variables remained unchanged. RE showed a stronger positive influence than AE on lean mass (P = 0.003) and muscle strength variables (P = 0.001~0.015), and RE and AE had similar influences on weight, fat mass, cardiorespiratory capacity and blood markers. Conclusion:It may be an efficient exercise regimen to perform RE first and then utilize AE to maintain the changes that occur in response to RE.

SUBMITTER: Kim B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7007800 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Influences of Resistance versus Aerobic Exercise on Physiological and Physical Fitness Changes in Previously Inactive Men with Obesity: A Prospective, Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

Kim Bokun B Kim Seungyeol S

Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy 20200204

<h4>Purpose</h4>The purpose of this study was to comparatively investigate changes in physiological and physical fitness in previously inactive men with obesity in response to aerobic exercise (AE) or resistance exercise (RE).<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 27 inactive men with obesity, aged 34-60 years, attended a 90-min AE or RE program 3 days/week for 12 weeks. The subjects underwent assessments of energy intake (by a 3-day weighted dietary record), body weight (by a digital scale), body compositi ...[more]

PMID: 32099433

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Project description:BackgroundPrior evidence suggests that capsinoids ingestion may increase resting energy expenditure (EE) and fat oxidation (FATox), yet whether they can modulate those parameters during exercise conditions remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that dihydrocapsiate (DHC) ingestion would increase EE and specifically FATox during an acute bout of aerobic exercise at FATmax intensity (the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation during exercise [MFO]) in men with overweight/obesity. Since FATmax and MFO during aerobic exercise appear to be indicators of metabolic flexibility, whether DHC has an impact on FATox in this type of population is of clinical interest.MethodsA total of 24 sedentary men (age = 40.2 ± 9.2 years-old; body mass index = 31.6 ± 4.5 kg/m2 [n = 11 overweight, n = 13 obese]) participated in this randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial (registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT05156697). On the first day, participants underwent a submaximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine their MFO and FATmax intensity during exercise. After 72 hours had elapsed, the participants returned on 2 further days (≥ 72 hours apart) and performed a 60 min steady-state exercise bout (i.e. cycling at their FATmax, constant intensity) after ingesting either 12 mg of DHC or placebo; these conditions were randomized. Respiratory gas exchange was monitored by indirect calorimetry. Serum marker concentrations (i.e. glucose, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), skin temperature, thermal perception, heart rate, and perceived fatigue) were assessed.ResultsThere were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between DHC and placebo conditions in the EE and FATox during exercise. Similarly, no significant changes were observed in glucose, triglycerides, or NEFAs serum levels, neither in the skin temperature nor thermal perception across conditions. Heart rate and perceived fatigue did not differ between conditions.ConclusionsDHC supplementation does not affect energy metabolism during exercise in men with overweight/obesity.

Project description:As part of the insulin signalling pathway, Akt influences growth and metabolism. The AKT1 gene G205T (rs1130214) polymorphism has potential functional effects. Thus, we determined whether the G205T polymorphism influences metabolic variables and their responses to aerobic exercise training. Following dietary stabilization, healthy, sedentary, 50- to 75-year-old Caucasian men (n = 51) and women (n = 58) underwent 6 months of aerobic exercise training. Before and after completing the intervention, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure percentage body fat, computed tomography to measure visceral and subcutaneous fat, and oral glucose tolerance testing to measure glucose total area under the curve (AUC), insulin AUC and insulin sensitivity. Taqman assay was used to determine AKT1 G205T genotypes. At baseline, men with the GG genotype (n = 29) had lower maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) values (P = 0.026) and higher percentage body fat (P = 0.046), subcutaneous fat (P = 0.021) and insulin AUC (P = 0.003) values than T allele carriers (n = 22). Despite their rather disadvantageous starting values, men with the GG genotype seemed to respond to exercise training more robustly than men with the T allele, highlighted by significantly greater fold change improvements in insulin AUC (P = 0.012) and glucose AUC (P = 0.035). Although the GG group also significantly improved VO2 max with training, the change in VO2 max was not as great as that of the T allele carriers (P = 0.037). In contrast, after accounting for hormone replacement therapy use, none of the variables differed in the women at baseline. As a result of exercise training, women with the T allele (n = 20) had greater fold change improvements in fasting glucose (P = 0.011), glucose AUC (P = 0.017) and insulin sensitivity (P = 0.044) than GG genotype women (n = 38). Our results suggest that the AKT1 G205T polymorphism influences metabolic variables and their responses to aerobic exercise training in older, previously sedentary individuals.

Project description:ImportanceHigh physical fitness is associated with a reduction in risk of cardiovascular diseases and death, but the underlying mechanisms are insufficiently understood.ObjectiveTo determine how aerobic fitness and muscular strength are associated with serum metabolome measures.Design, setting, and participantsThis cross-sectional study included Finnish men receiving military refresher training from May 5, 2015, to November 28, 2015, representing partly overlapping groups of individuals with the lowest vs highest aerobic fitness and the lowest vs highest muscular strength. Data analyses were conducted from January 1, 2018, to May 31, 2019.Main outcomes and measuresThe associations of aerobic fitness (determined with maximum oxygen consumption in milliliters per minute per kilogram, measured with maximal cycle ergometer test) and muscular strength (determined with a maximal strength test for lower extremities in kilograms) with 66 metabolome measures from fasting serum samples (nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics) were analyzed.ResultsParticipants included 580 Finnish men (mean [SD] age, 26.1 [6.5] years). Including overlap between groups, there were 196 men in the lowest aerobic fitness group and 197 men in the highest aerobic fitness group as well as 196 men in the lowest muscular strength group and 197 men in the highest muscular strength group. Of 66 studied metabolome measures, 48 differed between high vs low aerobic fitness groups, including small very low-density lipoprotein (standardized median difference, -0.67; 95% CI, -0.83 to -0.49), large high-density lipoprotein (standardized median difference, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.69-1.15), total triglyceride levels (standardized median difference, -0.52; 95% CI, -0.65 to -0.34), isoleucine (standardized median difference, -0.37; 95% CI, -0.55 to -0.16), leucine (standardized median difference, -0.55; 95% CI, -0.72 to -0.34), phenylalanine (standardized median difference, -0.54; 95% CI, -0.71 to -0.32), glycerol (standardized median difference, -0.64; 95% CI, -0.81 to -0.48), and glycoprotein (standardized median difference, -0.78; 95% CI, -0.95 to -0.62) concentration, a high unsaturation degree of fatty acids (standardized median difference, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.42-0.81), and apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 ratio (standardized median difference, -0.88; 95% CI, -1.08 to -0.67). Adding aerobic fitness into the regression model after age, education, smoking, use of alcohol, and dietary factors accounted for more than an additional 5% of variation for 25 metabolome measures (R2 range, 5.01%-15.90% by measure). With these 2 criteria, maximal muscular strength was not associated with any metabolome measures. Aerobic fitness was associated with high large high-density lipoprotein particle concentration (R2, 14.97%; 95% CI, 10.65%-20.85%), low apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 ratio (R2, 14.49%; 95% CI, 10.58%-19.51%), and low glycoprotein concentration (R2, 15.90%; 95% CI, 11.22%-21.51%). Aerobic fitness was also associated with low very low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, glycerol, and glycoprotein concentrations and with a high unsaturation degree of fatty acids. Adjusting for recent physical activity influenced the results minimally. Adjusting for body fat percentage showed that some of the associations were mechanistically associated with body fat percentage.Conclusions and relevanceThis study provides data on the association of high aerobic fitness with underlying oxidative lipid metabolism associated with a reduction in cardiometabolic risk. High maximal muscular strength is not similarly associated with these benefits.

Dataset Information

Influences of Resistance versus Aerobic Exercise on Physiological and Physical Fitness Changes in Previously Inactive Men with Obesity: A Prospective, Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

Publications

Influences of Resistance versus Aerobic Exercise on Physiological and Physical Fitness Changes in Previously Inactive Men with Obesity: A Prospective, Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

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