Dataset Information

Adolescent and Parent Management of Controlled Prescription Medications.

ABSTRACT: Background: Most adolescents who misuse controlled prescription medications acquire them from home settings. However, little is known regarding household management (storage, administration, and disposal) of these medications. Objective: To describe household management of controlled medications. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with paired data using brief, online, confidential surveys of adolescents and parents via an adolescent medicine clinic associated with a large academic center. Eligible adolescents were 12-18 years with at least one controlled prescription medication in the home. Six core safe management strategies for controlled medications were identified based on current recommendations. Data were collected and analyzed in 2017. Results: Of the 243 adolescent-parent dyads, 78.2% (n?=?190) dyads store medication out of sight, 68.7% (n?=?167) lock up medications, 78.2% (n?=?190) do not store pills besides a school nurse's office or a parent's place of work, 43.6% (n?=?106) provide periodic parental monitoring, 64.6% (n?=?157) frequently dispose of unused controlled medications (at least every 3-4 months), and 80.2% (n?=?195) dispose of controlled medications in a prescription drug take-back program or by flushing. Families with an adolescent prescription for a controlled medication were more likely to use several core management strategies (periodic parental monitoring, frequent disposal, and appropriate disposal location). Families with a household pain reliever were 8.7 times (95% CI 3.3, 23.3) as likely to not keep spare pills in inappropriate locations. Conclusions/Importance: Most families do not practice all recommended safe management strategies for controlled medications. Healthcare professionals should promote safe management to reduce controlled prescription medication misuse.

SUBMITTER: Engster SA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7007806 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Adolescent and Parent Management of Controlled Prescription Medications.

Engster Stacey A SA Bogen Debra L DL Molina Brooke S G BSG

Substance use & misuse 20190729 14

Background: Most adolescents who misuse controlled prescription medications acquire them from home settings. However, little is known regarding household management (storage, administration, and disposal) of these medications. Objective: To describe household management of controlled medications. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with paired data using brief, online, confidential surveys of adolescents and parents via an adolescent medicine clinic associated with a l ...[more]

PMID: 31354012

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Project description:ImportanceMost drug epidemics in the United States have disproportionately affected nonwhite communities. Notably, the current opioid epidemic is heavily concentrated among low-income white communities, and the roots of this racial/ethnic phenomenon have not been adequately explained.ObjectiveTo examine the degree to which differential exposure to opioids via the health care system by race/ethnicity and income could be driving the observed social gradient of the current opioid epidemic, as well as to compare the trends in the prevalence of prescription opioids with those observed for stimulants and benzodiazepines.Design, setting, and participantsThis population-based study used 2011 through 2015 records from California's prescription drug monitoring program (Controlled Substance Utilization Review and Evaluation System), which longitudinally tracks all patients receiving controlled substance prescriptions in the state and contained unique records for 29.7 million individuals who received such a prescription from 2011 to 2015. Data were analyzed between January and May 2018.ExposuresA total of 1760 zip code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) in California, with associated racial/ethnic composition and per capita income.Main outcomes and measuresThe percentage of individuals receiving at least 1 prescription each year was calculated for opioids, benzodiazepines, and stimulants.ResultsA nearly 300% difference in opioid prescription prevalence across the race/ethnicity-income gradient was observed in California, with 44.2% of adults in the quintile of ZCTAs with the lowest-income/highest proportion-white population receiving at least 1 opioid prescription each year compared with 16.1% in the quintile with the highest-income/lowest proportion-white population and 23.6% of all individuals 15 years or older. Stimulant prescriptions were highly concentrated in mostly white high-income areas, with a prevalence of 3.8% among individuals in the quintile with the highest-income/highest proportion-white population and a prevalence of 0.6% in the quintile with the lowest-income/lowest proportion-white population. Benzodiazepine prescriptions did not have an income gradient but were concentrated in mostly white areas, with 15.7% of adults in the quintile of ZCTAs with the highest proportion-white population receiving at least 1 prescription each year compared with 7.0% among the quintile with the lowest proportion-white population.Conclusions and relevanceThe race/ethnicity and income pattern of opioid overdoses mirrored prescription rates, suggesting that differential exposure to opioids via the health care system may have induced the large, observed racial/ethnic gradient in the opioid epidemic. Across drug categories, controlled medications were much more likely to be prescribed to individuals living in majority-white areas. These discrepancies may have shielded nonwhite communities from the brunt of the prescription opioid epidemic but also represent disparities in treatment and access to all medications.

Dataset Information

Adolescent and Parent Management of Controlled Prescription Medications.

Publications

Adolescent and Parent Management of Controlled Prescription Medications.

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