Dataset Information

Naproxen in the environment: its occurrence, toxicity to nontarget organisms and biodegradation.

ABSTRACT: This article summarizes the current knowledge about the presence of naproxen in the environment, its toxicity to nontarget organisms and the microbial degradation of this drug. Currently, naproxen has been detected in all types of water, including drinking water and groundwater. The concentrations that have been observed ranged from ng/L to ?g/L. These concentrations, although low, may have a negative effect of long-term exposure on nontarget organisms, especially when naproxen is mixed with other drugs. The biological decomposition of naproxen is performed by fungi, algae and bacteria, but the only well-described pathway for its complete degradation is the degradation of naproxen by Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b). The key intermediates that appear during the degradation of naproxen by this strain are O-desmethylnaproxen and salicylate. This latter is then cleaved by 1,2-salicylate dioxygenase or is hydroxylated to gentisate or catechol. These intermediates can be cleaved by the appropriate dioxygenases, and the resulting products are incorporated into the central metabolism. KEY POINTS: •High consumption of naproxen is reflected in its presence in the environment. •Prolonged exposure of nontargeted organisms to naproxen can cause adverse effects. •Naproxen biodegradation occurs mainly through desmethylnaproxen as a key intermediate.

SUBMITTER: Wojcieszynska D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7007908 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Naproxen in the environment: its occurrence, toxicity to nontarget organisms and biodegradation.

Wojcieszyńska Danuta D Guzik Urszula U

Applied microbiology and biotechnology 20200110 5

This article summarizes the current knowledge about the presence of naproxen in the environment, its toxicity to nontarget organisms and the microbial degradation of this drug. Currently, naproxen has been detected in all types of water, including drinking water and groundwater. The concentrations that have been observed ranged from ng/L to μg/L. These concentrations, although low, may have a negative effect of long-term exposure on nontarget organisms, especially when naproxen is mixed with oth ...[more]

PMID: 31925484

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Project description:Cannabinoids are a group of organic compounds found in cannabis. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), the two major constituents of cannabinoids, and their metabolites are contaminants of emerging concern due to the limited information on their environmental impacts. As well, their releases to the water systems and environment are expected to increase due to recent legalization. Solid-phase extraction is the most common technique for the extraction and pre-concentration of cannabinoids in water samples as well as a clean-up step after the extraction of cannabinoids from solid samples. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is the most common technique used for the analysis of cannabinoids. THC and its metabolites have been detected in wastewater, surface water, and drinking water. In particular, 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) has been detected at concentrations up to 2590 and 169 ng L-1 in untreated and treated wastewater, respectively, 79.9 ng L-1 in surface water, and 1 ng L-1 in drinking water. High removal of cannabinoids has been observed in wastewater treatment plants; this is likely a result of adsorption due to the low aqueous solubility of cannabinoids. Based on the estrogenicity and cytotoxicity studies and modelling, it has been predicted that THC and THC-COOH pose moderate risk for adverse impact on the environment. While chlorination and photo-oxidation have been shown to be effective in the removal of THC-COOH, they also produce by-products that are potentially more toxic than regulated disinfection by-products. The potential of indirect exposure to cannabinoids and their metabolites through recreational water is of great interest. As cannabinoids and especially their by-products may have adverse impacts on the environment and public health, more studies on their occurrence in various types of water and environmental systems, as well as on their environmental toxicity, would be required to accurately assess their impact on the environment and public health.

Dataset Information

Naproxen in the environment: its occurrence, toxicity to nontarget organisms and biodegradation.

Publications

Naproxen in the environment: its occurrence, toxicity to nontarget organisms and biodegradation.

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