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Autologous Micrografts from Scalp Tissue: Trichoscopic and Long-Term Clinical Evaluation in Male and Female Androgenetic Alopecia.

ABSTRACT: Tissue engineering in hair regrowth aims to develop innovative and not-invasive procedures to advance the hair regrowth. A placebo-controlled, randomized, evaluator-blinded, half-head group study to compare hair regrowth with micrografts containing human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (HF-MSCs) vs. placebo was reported. After 58 weeks, 27 patients displayed in the targeted area an increase of hair count and hair density, respectively, of 18.0 hairs per 0.65 cm² and 23.3 hairs per cm² compared with baseline, while the control area displayed a mean decrease of 1.1 hairs per 0.65 cm² and 0.7 hairs per cm² (control vs. treatment: P < 0.0001). After 26 months, 6 patients revealed dynamic hair loss and were retreated. More broad controlled examinations are required. HF-MSCs contained in micrografts may represent a safe and viable treatment alternative against hair loss.

SUBMITTER: Gentile P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7007958 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Autologous Cellular Method Using Micrografts of Human Adipose Tissue Derived Follicle Stem Cells in Androgenic Alopecia.

Project description:Hair bio-engineering has risen at the crossing point of various manipulations to meet a clinical requirement for innovations to advance hair growth. The authors reported the microscopic and trichoscopic results of an autologous cell biological technique to compare, through histological, immunocytochemistry, and cytospin analysis, hair re-growth obtained by micro-grafts from scalp tissue containing Human Intra- and Extra-Dermal Adipose Tissue-Derived Hair Follicle Stem Cells (HD-AFSCs) versus placebo (saline solution). An autologous solution of micro-grafts was obtained from mechanical fragmentation and centrifugation of scalp biopsy's (2 × 2 mm) using "Gentile protocol". The micro-grafts solution was mechanically infiltrated on half of the selected patients' scalps with Androgenic Alopecia (Norwood-Hamilton 2-5 and Ludwig 1-2). The other half was infiltrated with saline solution. Three injections were performed to each patient at 45-day intervals. Of the 35 patients who were enrolled, 1 was excluded and 1 was rejected. 23 and 44 weeks after the last micro graft's injections, the patients displayed a hair density improvement, with a mean increment of 33% ± 7.5% and 27% ± 3.5% respectively, contrasted with baseline values, for the treated region. Microscopic assessment appeared, in scalp biopsies, to show an expansion in the number of hair follicles per mm2 following 11 months from the last micro-grafts application compared with baseline (1.4 + 0.27 versus 0.46 + 0.15, respectively; p < 0.05). HD-AFSCs contained in micro-grafts may represent a safe and effective alternative therapy option against hair loss.

| S-EPMC6678214 | biostudies-literature

Adipose transcriptome in the scalp of androgenetic alopecia

Project description:To identify differentially expressed genes in androgenetic alopecia specifically in the adipose, adipose tissue samples from affected male participants were collected through punch biopsy at two different sites: bald (frontal) and normal (occipital,as control) scalp. After removal of the epidermis, dermis and hair follicle, we isolated RNA from the remaining adipose layer of the bald and normal scalp then performed gene expression analysis on the RNA-seq data to compare the profiles of the bald and normal scalp.

2023-08-30 | GSE212757 | GEO

Prostaglandin D2 inhibits hair growth and is elevated in bald scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia.

Project description:Testosterone is necessary for the development of male pattern baldness, known as androgenetic alopecia (AGA); yet, the mechanisms for decreased hair growth in this disorder are unclear. We show that prostaglandin D(2) synthase (PTGDS) is elevated at the mRNA and protein levels in bald scalp compared to haired scalp of men with AGA. The product of PTGDS enzyme activity, prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)), is similarly elevated in bald scalp. During normal follicle cycling in mice, Ptgds and PGD(2) levels increase immediately preceding the regression phase, suggesting an inhibitory effect on hair growth. We show that PGD(2) inhibits hair growth in explanted human hair follicles and when applied topically to mice. Hair growth inhibition requires the PGD(2) receptor G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide)-coupled receptor 44 (GPR44), but not the PGD(2) receptor 1 (PTGDR). Furthermore, we find that a transgenic mouse, K14-Ptgs2, which targets prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 expression to the skin, demonstrates elevated levels of PGD(2) in the skin and develops alopecia, follicular miniaturization, and sebaceous gland hyperplasia, which are all hallmarks of human AGA. These results define PGD(2) as an inhibitor of hair growth in AGA and suggest the PGD(2)-GPR44 pathway as a potential target for treatment.

| S-EPMC3319975 | biostudies-literature

RNA-microarray analyses and protein profiles from affected and clinically non-affected scalp in male androgenetic alopecia patients

Project description:The aim of this pilot study was to combine standard clinical diagnostics with RNA and protein analyses from non-invasively obtained material. In 6 male volunteers with AGA, Norwood-Hamilton stage IIIv-IV, we performed global photography, phototrichogram, pH and sebum measurements, as well as skin surface cytokine measurements on AGA-affected frontal and vertex scalp skin compared to clinically unaffected occiput.

2017-06-30 | GSE78722 | GEO

Cell Enriched Autologous Fat Grafts to Follicular Niche Improves Hair Regrowth in Early Androgenetic Alopecia.

Project description:BackgroundAdipose and adipose derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) play an increasing role in androgenetic alopecia.ObjectivesThe authors sought to evaluate the safety and feasibility of fat grafts enriched with ADRCs in early androgenetic alopecia.MethodsSeventy-one patients were treated: 16 with Puregraft fat and 1.0 × 106 ADRCs/cm2 scalp; 22 with Puregraft fat and 0.5 × 106 ADRCs/cm2 scalp, 24 with Puregraft fat alone, and 9 with saline control. Treatments were delivered into the skin and subcutaneous layer of the scalp. A total of 40 cm2 of scalp was treated and macrophotography and global photography were obtained at baseline and at 6, 24, and 52 weeks.ResultsA total of 71 patients tolerated the procedures well. No unanticipated associated adverse events were reported. When evaluating all patients at 24 weeks, there were no statistical differences between any of the treatment groups with respect to nonvellus (terminal) hair counts or width. There were increases (mean change from baseline) in terminal hair count for the low-dose ADRC group in the Norwood Hamilton 3 subgroup at week 6 (13.90 ± 16.68), week 12 (11.75 ± 19.42), week 24 (16.56 ± 14.68), and week 52 (2.78 ± 16.15). For this subgroup, the difference in hair count between the low-dose ADRC group and no-fat saline control was statistically significant (P = 0.0318) at week 24.ConclusionsPuregraft fat and ADRCs are safe and well tolerated. In early male hair loss, this therapy demonstrated a statistically significant increase in terminal hair counts relative to the control population at 24 weeks and represents a promising approach for early androgenetic alopecia.Level of evidence: 2

| S-EPMC7594181 | biostudies-literature

Establishment and characterization of matched immortalized human frontal and occipital scalp dermal papilla cell lines from androgenetic alopecia.

Project description:Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), also known as male pattern baldness, is a common hair loss condition influenced by genetic and hormonal factors. Variations in gene expression and androgen responsiveness have been observed between the frontal and occipital regions of AGA patients. However, obtaining and cultivating frontal hair follicles is challenging. Therefore, no matched frontal and occipital dermal papilla (DP) cell lines have been reported yet. This study aimed to establish matched immortalized human frontal and occipital scalp DP cell lines from AGA patients. Simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40T-Ag) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) were introduced into primary human DP cells. The obtained cell lines were characterized by assessing their gene expression patterns, androgen receptor (AR) levels, and the presence of 5-alpha reductase (5αR). Additionally, we examined their response to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and evaluated cell viability. The conditioned medium from the frontal DP cell line inhibited human hair follicle growth, leading to reduced keratinocyte proliferation and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, when the cells were cultured in a 3D environment mimicking in vivo conditions, the 3D cultured frontal DP cell line exhibited weaker sphere aggregation than the occipital DP cell line due to the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), MMP3, and MMP9. Additionally, the expression of DP signature genes was inhibited in the 3D cultured frontal DP cell line. These matched frontal and occipital DP cell lines hold significant potential as valuable resources for research on hair loss. Their establishment allows us to investigate the differences between frontal and occipital DP cells, contributing to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying AGA. Furthermore, these cell lines may be valuable for developing targeted therapeutic approaches for hair loss conditions.

| S-EPMC10696020 | biostudies-literature

Adipose transcriptome in the scalp of androgenetic alopecia

Project description:Adipose transcriptome in the scalp of androgenetic alopecia

| PRJNA877204 | ENA

Session B: Androgenetic Alopecia – Part II

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC3171845 | biostudies-literature

Androgenetic alopecia microbiome

Project description:Microbiome in the hair follicle of androgenetic alopecia patients

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A cross-sectional study of clinical, dermoscopic, histopathological, and molecular patterns of scalp melanoma in patients with or without androgenetic alopecia.

Project description:Scalp melanoma (SM) has a worse prognosis than melanoma in other locations likely because of late diagnosis due to hair coverage, difficulties in interpreting dermoscopy findings, and its unique molecular profile. We aimed to describe the clinical, histopathological, molecular, and dermoscopic patterns of SM and its relation to androgenetic alopecia/elastosis at the tumor site. Through a retrospective cross-sectional study, we identified all SM diagnosed at the A.C.Camargo Cancer Center between 2008 and 2018. In all, 48 SM were analyzed: 45.8% of which exhibited moderate/severe androgenetic alopecia and 54.1% exhibited elastosis. Androgenetic alopecia/elastosis at the site of the SM was associated with older age (p < 0.001), chronic sun damage (p < 0.001), lentigo maligna subtype (p = 0.029), and photodamaged dermoscopic pattern (p < 0.001). Additionally, 41 cases were evaluated with a 14-gene panel: 53.7% displayed mutations and 46.3% were wild-type. BRAF mutations were most common (77%), with BRAF V600K being more frequent (50%) than BRAF V600E (31.2%). The NF1 gene was evaluated in 40 samples, of which 20% exhibited mutations. SM presents differently in areas covered by hair compared to in areas with androgenetic alopecia. Patients without alopecia may have higher Breslow thickness due to late diagnosis because of hair concealment. The high frequency of detrimental mutations can also explain the poor prognosis of SM.

| S-EPMC9445057 | biostudies-literature

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