Pest categorisation of potato virus A (non-EU isolates).
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH)
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7008853 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Pest categorisation of potato virus A (non-EU isolates).
Bragard Claude C Dehnen-Schmutz Katharina K Gonthier Paolo P Jacques Marie-Agnès MA Jaques Miret Josep Anton JA Justesen Annemarie Fejer AF MacLeod Alan A Magnusson Christer Sven CS Milonas Panagiotis P Navas-Cortes Juan A JA Parnell Stephen S Potting Roel R Reignault Philippe Lucien PL Thulke Hans-Hermann HH van der Werf Wopke W Civera Antonio Vicent AV Yuen Jonathan J Zappalà Lucia L Candresse Thierry T Lacomme Christophe C Bottex Bernard B Oplaat Carla C Roenhorst Annelien A Schenk Martijn M Di Serio Francesco F
EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority 20200109 1
Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health has addressed the pest categorisation of non-EU isolates of potato virus A (PVA). The information currently available on geographical distribution, biology, epidemiology, potential entry pathways, potential additional impact over the current situation and availability of control measures of non-EU isolates of PVA has been evaluated with regard to the criteria to qualify as potential Union quarantine pest. Because non-EU isolat ...[more]
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Project description:Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health has addressed the pest categorisation of non-EU isolates of potato virus Y (PVY). The information currently available on geographical distribution, biology, epidemiology, potential entry pathways and potential additional impact of non-EU isolates of PVY, has been evaluated with regard to the criteria to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest. Because non-EU isolates of PVY are absent from the EU, they do not meet one of the requirements to be regulated as a regulated non-quarantine pest (RNQP) (presence in the EU); as a consequence, the Panel decided not to evaluate the other RNQP criteria for these isolates. Populations of PVY can be subdivided into several strains and groups of isolates: strain C (PVY-C), strain N (PVY-N), strain O (PVY-O) and a wide range of recombinant isolates (PVY-recombinants) which have a worldwide distribution (including the EU). Two groups of isolates, i.e. the Brazilian (PVY-Br) and Chilean (PVY-Ch) isolates, are considered absent from the EU. Non-EU isolates of PVY-C, PVY-N, PVY-O and PVY-recombinants identified so far are not expected to have an additional impact in the EU compared to the PVY isolates already present and, therefore, do not meet the corresponding criterion to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest. The Panel is unable to conclude on the potential additional impact of isolates of PVY-Br and PVY-Ch in the EU territory, but these isolates meet all the other criteria to qualify as potential Union quarantine pests.
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Project description:Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health has addressed the pest categorisation of non-EU isolates of potato leafroll virus (PLRV). The information currently available on geographical distribution, biology, epidemiology, potential entry pathways, potential additional impact and availability of control measures of non-EU isolates of PLRV has been evaluated with regard to the criteria to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest. Because non-EU isolates of PLRV are absent from the EU, they do not meet one of the requirements to be regulated as a regulated non-quarantine pest (RNQP) (presence in the EU); as a consequence, the Panel decided not to evaluate the other RNQP criteria for these isolates. This categorisation was performed considering two groups of PLRV isolates: those associated with the tomato yellow top disease (PLRV-TYTV), not reported from the EU, and all other isolates (hereafter referred to as PLRV), with a worldwide distribution. Isolates of PLRV-TYTV could potentially have an additional impact over the current situation in the EU and therefore meet all the criteria to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest. All other non-EU PLRV isolates, should they be introduced, are not expected to have additional impact and therefore do not meet this criterion to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest.
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Project description:Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health has addressed the pest categorisation of non-EU isolates of potato virus V (PVV). The information currently available on geographical distribution, biology, epidemiology, potential entry pathways, potential additional impact and availability of control measures of non-EU isolates of PVV has been evaluated with regard to the criteria to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest. Because non-EU isolates of PVV are absent from the EU, they do not meet one of the requirements to be regulated as a regulated non-quarantine pest (RNQP) (presence in the EU); as a consequence, the Panel decided not to evaluate the other RNQP criteria for these isolates. This categorisation was performed considering two lineages, PVV-I (present in and outside the EU) and PVV-II (not reported in the EU), and isolate PVV-PA4 (unknown distribution). Non-EU isolates of PVV-I and PVV-PA4 do not meet one of the criteria evaluated by EFSA to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest, since they are not expected to have an additional impact in the EU. With the exception of the criterion regarding the potential consequences in the EU territory, for which the Panel is unable to conclude, non-EU isolates of PVV-II meet all the other criteria to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest.
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Project description:Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health has addressed the pest categorisation of non-EU isolates of potato virus S (PVS). The information currently available on geographical distribution, biology, epidemiology, potential entry pathways, potential additional impact compared to the current situation in the EU, and availability of control measures of non-EU isolates of PVS has been evaluated with regard to the criteria to qualify as potential Union quarantine pest. Because non-EU isolates of PVS are absent from the EU, they do not meet one of the requirements to be regulated as an RNQP (presence in the EU); as a consequence, the Panel decided not to evaluate the other RNQP criteria for these isolates. Populations of PVS can be subdivided into two strains: the ordinary strain (PVS-O) with a worldwide distribution (including the EU), and the Andean strain (PVS-A) which is absent from the EU or considered to have at most a limited distribution in the EU. Two additional divergent isolates (PVS-A/PVS-O recombinants and PVS-arracacha) have also been categorised. Non-EU isolates of PVS-A are expected to have an additional impact as compared to the PVS isolates currently present in the EU, and therefore meet all the criteria to qualify as potential Union quarantine pests; the magnitude of the additional impact is, however, unknown. Non-EU isolates of PVS-A/PVS-O recombinants and of PVS-arracacha also meet these criteria, with the exception of the criterion regarding the potential additional consequences in the EU territory for which the Panel was unable to conclude. Non-EU PVS-O isolates are not expected to have an additional impact in the EU as compared to EU isolates and therefore do not meet the corresponding criterion.
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Project description:Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health has addressed the pest categorisation of non-EU isolates of potato virus X (PVX). The information currently available on geographical distribution, biology, epidemiology, potential entry pathways, potential additional impact and availability of control measures of non-EU isolates of PVX has been evaluated with regard to the criteria to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest. Because non-EU isolates of PVX are absent from the EU, they do not meet one of the requirements to be regulated as a regulated non-quarantine pest (RNQP) (presence in the EU); as a consequence, the Panel decided not to evaluate the other RNQP criteria for these isolates. On the basis of their ability to overcome potato resistance genes, PVX isolates can be divided into several pathotypes. PVX isolates that are not able to overcome resistance genes and PVX isolates that are able to overcome the Nb and/or Nx resistance genes are already present in the EU. Isolates able to overcome the Rx resistance gene have only been reported from South America. These Rx breaking isolates could potentially have an additional impact over the current situation in the EU and therefore meet all the criteria to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest. All other non-EU isolates, should they be introduced, are not expected to have additional impact and therefore do not meet this criterion to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest.
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Project description:Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health has addressed the pest categorisation of non-EU isolates of potato virus M (PVM). The information currently available on geographical distribution, biology, epidemiology, potential entry pathways, potential additional impact compared to the current situation in the EU and availability of control measures of non-EU isolates of PVM has been evaluated with regard to the criteria to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest. Because non-EU isolates of PVM are absent from the EU, they do not meet one of the requirements to be regulated as a regulated non-quarantine pest (RNQP) (presence in the EU); as a consequence, the Panel decided not to evaluate the other RNQP criteria for these isolates. Populations of PVM can be subdivided into two strains: the ordinary strain (PVM-O) is present in the EU, while the divergent strain (PVM-D) is absent from the EU or considered to have at most a limited distribution in the EU. Non-EU isolates of PVM-O are not expected to have an additional impact in the EU compared to EU isolates and therefore do not meet the corresponding criterion to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest. The Panel is unable to conclude on the potential impact of non-EU PVM-D isolates in the EU territory, but PVM-D isolates meet all the other criteria to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest.
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Project description:Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health has addressed the pest categorisation of those viruses and viroids (hereafter referred to as viruses) of Solanum tuberosum and other tuber-forming Solanum spp. (hereafter referred to as potato) which are considered to be either non-EU or of undetermined standing based on a previous EFSA opinion. These viruses belong to different families and genera and either have an established identity or produce consistent symptoms. Plants for planting is the main pathway for entry for all categorised viruses as they can all be transmitted by vegetative propagation. Several categorised viruses have a relatively wide host range and/or are vector-transmitted, increasing the potential for entry. The information currently available on geographical distribution, biology, epidemiology, impact and potential entry pathways has been evaluated with regard to the criteria to qualify as potential Union quarantine pest or as Union regulated non-quarantine pest (RNQP). Since this opinion addresses specifically the non-EU potato viruses, in general these viruses do not meet the criteria assessed by EFSA to qualify as potential Union regulated non-quarantine pests. The following viruses meet the criteria to qualify as potential Union quarantine pest: APLV, APMMV, APMoV, ChiLCV, CYSDV, PAMV, PBRSV, PVH, PVP, PVT, PYDV, PYMV, PYV, PYVV, RCVMV, SALCV, SB26/29, ToCV, ToLCNDV, ToMHaV, ToMoTV, ToSRV and ToYVSV. With the exception of the criterion regarding the potential for consequences in the EU territory, for which the Panel is unable to conclude because of lack of information, AVB, CPSbV, PaLCrV, PapMV, PVB, PVU, SB41 and TVBMV meet all the other criteria to qualify as potential Union quarantine pest. PotLV and WPMV do not qualify as potential Union quarantine pest, since they are not reported to have any impact. For most of the categorised viruses, the conclusions of the Panel have inherent uncertainties, due to the lack of quantitative data on their impact and/or absence or limited availability of information on the biology, epidemiology and geographical distribution.
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Project description:Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Gymnosporangium spp. (non-EU), a well-defined and distinguishable group of fungal plant pathogens of the family Pucciniaceae affecting woody species. Many different Gymnosporangium species are recognised, of which at least 14 species are considered not to be native in the European Union. All the non-EU Gymnosporangium species are not known to be present in the EU and are regulated in Council Directive 2000/29/EC (Annex IAI) as harmful organisms whose introduction into the EU is banned. Gymnosporangium spp. are biotrophic obligate plant pathogens. These rust fungi are heteroecious as they require Juniperus, Libocedrus, Callitropsis, Chamaecyparis or Cupressus (telial hosts) and rosaceous plants of subfamily Pomoideae (aecial hosts) to complete their life cycle. The pathogens could enter the EU via host plants for planting (including artificially dwarfed woody plants) and cut branches. They could establish in the EU, as climatic conditions are favourable and hosts are common. They would be able to spread following establishment by movement of host plants for planting and cut branches, as well as by natural dispersal. Should Gymnosporangium spp. (non-EU) be introduced in the EU, impacts can be expected in orchards, ornamental trees and nurseries. On telial hosts, these pathogens cause galls on stems, twigs and branches, and fusiform swellings on stems. Foliar infections on aecial hosts may lead to severe defoliations. The main knowledge gap concerns the limited available information on the biology, distribution range and impact of several non-EU Gymnosporangium spp. The criteria assessed by the Panel for consideration of Gymnosporangium spp. (non-EU) as potential quarantine pests are met, while, for regulated non-quarantine pests, the criterion on the pest presence in the EU is not met.
| S-EPMC7009642 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of non-EU Monochamus spp., a well-defined insect genus in the family Cerambycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Species can be identified using taxonomic keys at national and regional level, and DNA barcoding. Two online world catalogues exist for the genus. The genus includes about one hundred species and many subspecies colonising conifers and non-conifer trees in many areas in the world. The non-EU species are listed in Annex IAI of Council Directive 2000/29/EC. Although Monochamus spp. colonise weakened or dead trees and have therefore no direct impact, some species vector the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which they inoculate to healthy trees when they proceed to maturation feeding on twigs, causing high mortality among pines in Asia and the EU (Portugal). Sixteen species in Asia and America attack conifers. The main pathways for entry are raw untreated wood and wood products, wood packaging material, particle wood and waste wood, finished wood products and hitchhiking. Monochamus species were categorised in two groups. The first group includes 16 species colonising conifers and absent in the EU known or likely to vector the pine wood nematode. The species in this group satisfy all the criteria to be considered as Union quarantine pests. Measures are in place to prevent the introduction of Monochamus with coniferous wood. The second group gathers all the remaining species, all non-EU species colonising non-conifers. These do not satisfy all the criteria to be considered as Union quarantine pests. As plants for planting are not a pathway for Monochamus spp., and as most of the species within these groups are absent from the EU territory, the two groups do not meet the criteria to be considered as regulated non-quarantine pests.
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