Dataset Information

Depression predicts self assessment of social function in both patients with schizophrenia and healthy people.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Impairments in social functioning are central to Schizophrenia (SCZ). Patients with SCZ have challenges in the ability to evaluate their functioning. A correlate of self-assessments in SCZ is depression, wherein negligible depression predicts overestimation. Healthy individuals misestimate their functioning, but mild dysthymia predicts accuracy. We examined depression, gender, and schizophrenia as predictors of self-reported everyday functioning.

Methods

218 people with SCZ and 154 healthy controls self-reported their social functioning. They self-reported their depression with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and their social cognitive ability on the Observable Social Cognition Rating Scale (OSCARS).

Results

64% of subjects were male. Schizophrenia patients reported more depression, poorer social functioning, and worse social cognition. Linear regression analyses revealed significant correlations between self-reported social functioning and BDI scores, which also predicted self-reported social cognition. There was no significant effect of sex on self-reports of social functioning or social cognition. Finally, when BDI and OSCARS were directly compared to diagnosis and sex for prediction of self-reported social functioning, there was no impact of diagnosis or sex.

Implications

Self-reported interpersonal functioning is determined by current depression. Both healthy people and people with schizophrenia index their social functioning and their social cognitive by their level of depression.

SUBMITTER: Oliveri LN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7012719 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Depression predicts self assessment of social function in both patients with schizophrenia and healthy people.

Oliveri Lisa N LN Awerbuch Adam W AW Jarskog L Fredrik LF Penn David L DL Pinkham Amy A Harvey Philip D PD

Psychiatry research 20191106

<h4>Background</h4>Impairments in social functioning are central to Schizophrenia (SCZ). Patients with SCZ have challenges in the ability to evaluate their functioning. A correlate of self-assessments in SCZ is depression, wherein negligible depression predicts overestimation. Healthy individuals misestimate their functioning, but mild dysthymia predicts accuracy. We examined depression, gender, and schizophrenia as predictors of self-reported everyday functioning.<h4>Methods</h4>218 people with ...[more]

PMID: 31740212

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Project description:Abstract Background: A significant proportion of people with schizophrenia are characterized by impaired ability to socially engage with others, which may reflect social aversion secondary to defeatist beliefs; decreased motivation for social interactions; and/or impairment in the normal reinforcement value of social interactions. Unfortunately, pharmacological interventions have limited benefits for impaired social function, whereas psychosocial interventions provide only partial benefit for this critical aspect of the illness. The development of an effective intervention for functional outcomes remains a central therapeutic challenge. The current study assessed whether the addition of intranasal oxytocin to Cognitive Behavioral Social Skills Training (CBSST) improved social function. Methods: Participants with DSM-IV-TR schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder entered a 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial with a 3-month follow-up evaluation. The study was conducted at two sites: Maryland and California. Participants were randomized to either: intranasal oxytocin 36 I.U. (3 sprays) BID (n = 31) or intranasal placebo-oxytocin 3 sprays BID (n = 31). All participants received CBSST, which was delivered in four 6-session modules (cognitive, social, and problem-solving CBSST modules plus a module adapted from Social Cognition and Interaction Training). The modules were delivered twice in biweekly 1-hour sessions, for a total of 48 sessions over 24 weeks. Birchwood Social Functioning Scale (SFS) was used to assess social function; the Defeatist Performance Attitude Scale (DPAS) was used to assess defeatist beliefs; the Asocial Beliefs Scale (ABS) was used to assess social disinterest and aversion; and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) total score was used to assess negative symptoms. Results: In the intent-to-treat analyses, there were no significant group differences in the SFS total score (Treatment × Week interaction: F = 0.96; df = 2, 40; P = .39) or ABS total score (Treatment × Week interaction: F = .12; df = 2, 39.7; P = .89). There was a trend for a significant reduction in defeatist beliefs among the participants randomized to oxytocin (Treatment × Week interaction: F = 2.86; df = 2, 67.2; P = .07). There were no significant group differences in SANS total score (Treatment × Week interaction: F = 0.96; df = 6, 39.7; P = 0.46), though the interpretation of the effect of oxytocin on SANS total score was complicated by the presence of a significant site effect: there was a significant placebo effect at the California site, which was markedly greater in magnitude than the observed oxytocin effect for these symptoms. Conclusion: The results of the intent-to-treat analyses provide minimal support for the utility of add-on intranasal oxytocin to CBSST for improvement in social function. Oxytocin was associated with trend improvement in defeatist attitudes and greater reduction in negative symptoms at one of the two study sites. (clinicaltrials.gov, trial number: NCT01752712)

Project description:IntroductionResearch has demonstrated that higher social support is associated with better psychological health, quality of life, cognition, activities of daily living, and social participation, but the relationship between social support and sleep quality remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the mediating effects of anxiety and depression in the relationship between social support and sleep among community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia.MethodPurposive sampling was used to collect face-to-face data from 1,107 community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, between April and July 2023. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to assess sleep quality; the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) was utilized to evaluate anxiety symptoms; and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was employed to assess depressive symptoms. The mediating effect of anxiety and depression symptoms was assessed using the bootstrap method via Model 6 (Serial multiple mediator model) of the SPSS PROCESS macro.ResultsAmong the 1,107 participants, the proportions of people with schizophrenia experiencing anxiety, depressive symptoms, and poor sleep quality were 22.8, 37.7, and 42.1%, respectively. Mediation analyses indicated that although social support had no direct effect on sleep quality, anxiety and depressive symptoms fully mediated the relationship between social support and sleep quality.ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia experience low levels of social support and poor sleep quality. To enhance the sleep quality of individuals with schizophrenia, all levels of society (government, medical institutions, and communities) must pay more attention to mental health. Implementing diverse intervention measures to strengthen social support and improve symptoms of anxiety and depression should be considered. This approach may potentially lead to an improvement in sleep quality among individuals with schizophrenia.

Dataset Information

Depression predicts self assessment of social function in both patients with schizophrenia and healthy people.

Background

Methods

Results

Implications

Publications

Depression predicts self assessment of social function in both patients with schizophrenia and healthy people.

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