Dataset Information

Destroy to Rebuild: The Connection Between Bone Tissue Remodeling and Matrix Metalloproteinases.

ABSTRACT: Bone is a dynamic organ that undergoes constant remodeling, an energetically costly process by which old bone is replaced and localized bone defects are repaired to renew the skeleton over time, thereby maintaining skeletal health. This review provides a general overview of bone's main players (bone lining cells, osteocytes, osteoclasts, reversal cells, and osteoblasts) that participate in bone remodeling. Placing emphasis on the family of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), we describe how: (i) Convergence of multiple protease families (including MMPs and cysteine proteinases) ensures complexity and robustness of the bone remodeling process, (ii) Enzymatic activity of MMPs affects bone physiology at the molecular and cellular levels and (iii) Either overexpression or deficiency/insufficiency of individual MMPs impairs healthy bone remodeling and systemic metabolism. Today, it is generally accepted that proteolytic activity is required for the degradation of bone tissue in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. However, it is increasingly evident that inactivating mutations in MMP genes can also lead to bone pathology including osteolysis and metabolic abnormalities such as delayed growth. We argue that there remains a need to rethink the role played by proteases in bone physiology and pathology.

SUBMITTER: Hardy E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7013034 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Destroy to Rebuild: The Connection Between Bone Tissue Remodeling and Matrix Metalloproteinases.

Hardy Eugenio E Fernandez-Patron Carlos C

Frontiers in physiology 20200205

Bone is a dynamic organ that undergoes constant remodeling, an energetically costly process by which old bone is replaced and localized bone defects are repaired to renew the skeleton over time, thereby maintaining skeletal health. This review provides a general overview of bone's main players (bone lining cells, osteocytes, osteoclasts, reversal cells, and osteoblasts) that participate in bone remodeling. Placing emphasis on the family of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), we descr ...[more]

PMID: 32116759

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Project description:BackgroundMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during pregnancy and parturition. Aberrant ECM degradation by MMPs or an imbalance between MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of preterm labor, however few studies have investigated MMPs or TIMPs in maternal serum. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine serum concentrations of MMP-3, MMP-9 and all four TIMPs as well as MMP:TIMP ratios during term and preterm labor.MethodsA case control study with 166 singleton pregnancies, divided into four groups: (1) women with preterm birth, delivering before 34 weeks (PTB); (2) gestational age (GA) matched controls, not in preterm labor; (3) women at term in labor and (4) at term not in labor. MMP and TIMP concentrations were measured using Luminex technology.ResultsMMP-9 and TIMP-4 concentrations were higher in women with PTB vs. GA matched controls (resp. p = 0.01 and p<0.001). An increase in MMP-9:TIMP-1 and MMP-9:TIMP-2 ratio was observed in women with PTB compared to GA matched controls (resp. p = 0.02 and p<0.001) as well as compared to women at term in labor (resp. p = 0.006 and p<0.001). Multiple regression results with groups recoded as three key covariates showed significantly higher MMP-9 concentrations, higher MMP-9:TIMP-1 and MMP-9:TIMP-2 ratios and lower TIMP-1 and -2 concentrations for preterm labor. Significantly higher MMP-9 and TIMP-4 concentrations and MMP-9:TIMP-2 ratios were observed for labor.ConclusionsSerum MMP-9:TIMP-1 and MMP-9:TIMP-2 balances are tilting in favor of gelatinolysis during preterm labor. TIMP-1 and -2 concentrations were lower in preterm gestation, irrespective of labor, while TIMP-4 concentrations were raised in labor. These observations suggest that aberrant serum expression of MMP:TIMP ratios and TIMPs reflect pregnancy and labor status, providing a far less invasive method to determine enzymes essential in ECM remodeling during pregnancy and parturition.

Project description:Cardiac amyloidosis due to amyloid fibril deposition in the heart results in cardiomyopathy (CMP) with heart failure (HF) and/or conduction disturbances. Immunoglobulin light chain-related CMP (AL-CMP) features rapidly progressive HF with an extremely poor prognosis compared with a CMP due to the deposition of mutant (ATTR) amyloidosis or wild-type (senile systemic amyloidosis, SSA) transthyretin (TTR) proteins. Amyloid fibril deposition disrupts the myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis, which is partly regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). We therefore tested the hypothesis that circulating levels of MMPs and TIMPs in patients with AL-CMP and TTR-related CMP (TTR-CMP) are dissimilar and indicative of cardiac amyloid disease type.Fifty AL-CMP patients were compared with 50 TTR-CMP patients (composed of 38 SSA and 12 ATTR patients). Clinical and laboratory evaluations including echocardiography were performed at the initial visit to our center and analyzed. Serum MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 levels were determined by ELISA. Compared with TTR-CMP patients, AL-CMP patients had higher levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), troponin I (TnI), MMP-2, TIMP-1, and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio, despite less left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and better preserved LV ejection fraction. Mortality was worse in AL-CMP patients than in TTR-CMP patients (log-rank P<0.01). MMP-2/TIMP-2 plus BNP and TnI showed the highest discriminative ability for distinguishing AL-CMP from TTR-CMP. Female sex (HR, 2.343; P=0.049) and BNP (HR, 1.041; P<0.01) were predictors for mortality for all patients with cardiac amyloidoses. Only BNP was a predictor of death in AL-CMP patients (HR, 1.090; P<0.01). There were no prognostic factors for all-cause death in TTR-CMP patients.Circulating concentrations of MMPs and TIMPs may be useful in differentiating patients with AL-CMP from those with TTR-CMP, resulting in earlier diagnostic vigilance, and may add prognostic information. In addition to an elevated BNP level, female sex increased the risk of death in patients with cardiac amyloidoses.

Project description:ObjectiveTurnover of cartilage endplate extracellular matrix (ECM) may play an important role in disc degeneration and low back pain (LBP). However, the expression pattern of pro-inflammatory factors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) in the cartilage endplates (CEP) of intervertebral discs (IVD) is not understood. We aimed to examine the transcriptional levels of MMP, TIMP, and interleukins (IL), and the correlations between them.MethodsThirty degenerated cartilage endplate samples from patients with LBP who underwent lumbar fusion surgery were included in the degenerated group. Ten patients without LBP history who underwent lumbar surgery because of vertebral burst fractures were included in the control group. The degenerative severity of the samples was evaluated by MRI, and hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O-fast green (SO-FG) staining. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The correlations between the levels of these genes were tested using Spearman's rho test.ResultsHematoxylin-eosin and SO-FG staining confirmed a decrease in cell number and proteoglycans in the degenerated cartilage endplate. MRI showed significant signal changes in degenerated cartilage endplates. Patients in the degenerated group showed a higher rate of endplate Modic changes when compared with the control group. MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-3, IL-1α, and IL-1β were elevated with statistical significance, while MMP-1, MMP-13, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and IL-6 were changed without statistical significance or remained unchanged. Expression of MMP-3 was positively correlated with IL-1α (Spearman coefficient, 0.486; P < 0.05); expression of TIMP-3 was positively correlated with MMP-9, IL-1α, and IL-1β (Spearman coefficient, 0.577, 0.407, and 0.571, respectively; P < 0.05).ConclusionMMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-3, IL-1α, and IL-1β may play a role in the process of cartilage endplate degeneration. MMP-3 may be regulated by IL-1α, and TIMP-3 might be associated with MMP-9 and regulated by IL-1α and IL-1β.

Dataset Information

Destroy to Rebuild: The Connection Between Bone Tissue Remodeling and Matrix Metalloproteinases.

Publications

Destroy to Rebuild: The Connection Between Bone Tissue Remodeling and Matrix Metalloproteinases.

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