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Dissecting Molecular Features of Gliomas: Genetic Loci and Validated Biomarkers.


ABSTRACT: Recently, several studies focused on the genetics of gliomas. This allowed identifying several germline loci that contribute to individual risk for tumor development, as well as various somatic mutations that are key for disease classification. Unfortunately, none of the germline loci clearly confers increased risk per se. Contrariwise, somatic mutations identified within the glioma tissue define tumor genotype, thus representing valid diagnostic and prognostic markers. Thus, genetic features can be used in glioma classification and guided therapy. Such copious genomic variabilities are screened routinely in glioma diagnosis. In detail, Sanger sequencing or pyrosequencing, fluorescence in-situ hybridization, and microsatellite analyses were added to immunohistochemistry as diagnostic markers. Recently, Next Generation Sequencing was set-up as an all-in-one diagnostic tool aimed at detecting both DNA copy number variations and mutations in gliomas. This approach is widely used also to detect circulating tumor DNA within cerebrospinal fluid from patients affected by primary brain tumors. Such an approach is providing an alternative cost-effective strategy to genotype all gliomas, which allows avoiding surgical tissue collection and repeated tumor biopsies. This review summarizes available molecular features that represent solid tools for the genetic diagnosis of gliomas at present or in the next future.

SUBMITTER: Arcella A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7014190 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dissecting Molecular Features of Gliomas: Genetic Loci and Validated Biomarkers.

Arcella Antonietta A   Limanaqi Fiona F   Ferese Rosangela R   Biagioni Francesca F   Oliva Maria Antonietta MA   Storto Marianna M   Fanelli Mirco M   Gambardella Stefano S   Fornai Francesco F  

International journal of molecular sciences 20200120 2


Recently, several studies focused on the genetics of gliomas. This allowed identifying several germline loci that contribute to individual risk for tumor development, as well as various somatic mutations that are key for disease classification. Unfortunately, none of the germline loci clearly confers increased risk per se. Contrariwise, somatic mutations identified within the glioma tissue define tumor genotype, thus representing valid diagnostic and prognostic markers. Thus, genetic features ca  ...[more]

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