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Reliability of genomic evaluation for egg quality traits in layers.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Genomic evaluation, based on the use of thousands of genetic markers in addition to pedigree and phenotype information, has become the standard evaluation methodology in dairy cattle breeding programmes over the past several years. Despite the many differences between dairy cattle breeding and poultry breeding, genomic selection seems very promising for the avian sector, and studies are currently being conducted to optimize avian selection schemes. In this optimization perspective, one of the key parameters is to properly predict the accuracy of genomic evaluation in pure line layers. RESULTS:It was observed that genomic evaluation, whether performed on males or females, always proved more accurate than genetic evaluation. The gain was higher when phenotypic information was narrowed, and an augmentation of the size of the reference population led to an increase in accuracy prediction with regard to genomic evaluation. By taking into account the increase of selection intensity and the decrease of the generation interval induced by genomic selection, the expected annual genetic gain would be higher with ancestry-based genomic evaluation of male candidates than with genetic evaluation based on collaterals. This advantage of genomic selection over genetic selection requires more detailed further study for female candidates. CONCLUSIONS:In conclusion, in the population studied, the genomic evaluation of egg quality traits of breeding birds at birth seems to be a promising strategy, at least for the selection of males.

SUBMITTER: Picard Druet D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7014768 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reliability of genomic evaluation for egg quality traits in layers.

Picard Druet David D Varenne Amandine A Herry Florian F Hérault Frédéric F Allais Sophie S Burlot Thierry T Le Roy Pascale P

BMC genetics 20200211 1

<h4>Background</h4>Genomic evaluation, based on the use of thousands of genetic markers in addition to pedigree and phenotype information, has become the standard evaluation methodology in dairy cattle breeding programmes over the past several years. Despite the many differences between dairy cattle breeding and poultry breeding, genomic selection seems very promising for the avian sector, and studies are currently being conducted to optimize avian selection schemes. In this optimization perspec ...[more]

PMID: 32046634

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Project description:Housing system and nutrition are non-genetic factors that can improve the well-being of animals to obtain higher quality products. A better understanding of how different housing systems and essential oils can influence the performance of layers is very important at the research and commercial levels. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of a housing system and dietary supplementation of rosemary and cinnamon essential oils on layers' performance and egg quality. A factorial arrangement (2 × 3) was performed include two housing systems (floor and cage) and three different types of essential oils (0, 300 mg/kg diet of rosemary and 300 mg/kg diet of cinnamon essential oils) to study their effects on the productive performance, egg quality, immunity, oxidative stress and haematology of ISA brown laying hens during the production stages (from 28 to 76 weeks of age). Birds were randomly divided into two groups each comprising of 1500 birds; the first group was moved from the litter to reared laying cages while the second group was floor reared. Each group was randomly divided into three groups, the first was considered as a control group, the second treated with rosemary essential oil, and the third with cinnamon essential oil. The differences in egg production and weight, egg quality, feed intake and conversion, blood picture and chemistry, immunity, and antioxidant parameters between the different housing systems (floor and cage) were not significant at (p < 0.05 or 0.01). On the other hand, the egg production and weight, Haugh unit, feed intake and conversion, blood cholesterol, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), urea, Ca, P, immunity, and antioxidant parameters were significantly (p < 0.05 or 0.01) better in rosemary and cinnamon groups than in the control group. Furthermore, the results of dietary supplementation with rosemary and cinnamon were very close. Regarding egg production and weight, there were no significant differences due to the interactions. The differences in egg mass among the interactions were also not significant except at 68-76 weeks, where the cage × cinnamon group was the highest. Under the floor rearing system, birds that were fed a diet supplemented with or without essential oils (EOs) consumed more feed than those raised under the cage system. Regarding feed conversion rate (FCR), the differences among the interactions were not significant except at 44-52, 52-60 and 68-76 weeks, where the cage × cinnamon group was the lowest. Excluding glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity (p < 0.001), all immunity and antioxidant indices were not statistically different as a consequence of the interaction among EOs and housing systems. Additionally, the highest levels of phosphorus were observed for layers fed diets enriched with cinnamon oil with the cage or floor system. In conclusion, the data suggested that supplementation of rosemary and cinnamon essential oils in laying hen diet showed significantly positive effects on hen performance and egg production. Cholesterol, liver and kidney functions, immunity, and antioxidant parameters improved with rosemary and cinnamon supplementation when compared to the control. Additionally, the different housing systems did not result in any positive or negative impact on these traits.

Project description:Introduction Supplementation of exogenous additives is a strategy to improve laying performance of layers by regulating uterine function. N-Carbamylglutamate (NCG) as an activator for endogenous arginine synthesis has the potential to regulate the laying performance of layers, but its effects have not been fully understood. Methods This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of NCG on production performance, egg quality, and uterine gene expression in layers. A total of 360 45-week-old layers with a genetic line of Jinghong No. 1 were used in this study. The experimental period was 14 weeks. All birds were divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate. Dietary treatments were based on a basal diet and supplemented with 0, 0.08, 0.12, or 0.16% NCG to form C, N1, N2, and N3 groups. Results and discussion We found that layers in group N1 had higher egg production rate than those in group C. Egg weight was significantly reduced, while eggshell thickness was significantly improved, by treatment. However, the albumen height and Haugh unit were the lowest in group N3. Based on the above results, groups C and N1 were selected for further transcriptomics analysis of uterine tissue by RNA-seq. More than 7.4 Gb clean reads and 19,882 tentative genes were obtained using the Gallus gallus genome as a reference. Transcriptomics analysis in uterus tissue revealed that 95 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated and 127 DEGs were downregulated. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis showed that DEGs in uterine tissue were mainly enriched in glutathione metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism, etc. Vitamin A metabolism-related gene, RBP1, nutrient transport-related gene, ALB, protein synthesis-related gene, METTL21C, and calcium transport-related gene, RYR2, CACNB2, RAMP3, and STAC, were significantly regulated by 0.08% NCG supplementation. Therefore, we concluded that NCG supplementation at a dose of 0.08% improved production performance and egg quality of layers by regulating uterus function.

Project description:Meat quality and carcass characteristics have gained the attention of breeders due to their increasing economic value. Thus, this study investigated the genomic prediction efficiencies of genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) and single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) for traits associated with meat quality, sensory characteristics, and fatty-acid composition. A total of 1237 Duroc finishing pigs with 654 individuals genotyped using the Illumina Porcine SNP 60k marker panel were used in this study. Prediction accuracy and bias for GBLUP and ssGBLUP were evaluated using a five-replicates of five-fold cross-validation. Estimation of genetic parameters for traits associated with meat quality, including lightness, yellowness, redness, pH at 24 h post-mortem, moisture content, fat content, water-holding capacity, cooking loss except for shear force (0.19), as well as fatty-acid composition (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic fatty acids), revealed moderate to high heritability estimates ranging from 0.25 to 0.72 and 0.27 to 0.50, respectively, whereas all traits related to sensory characteristics (color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and palatability) showed low heritability estimates ranging from 0.08 to 0.14. Meanwhile, assessment of genomic prediction accuracy revealed that ssGBLUP exhibited higher prediction accuracy than GBLUP for meat quality traits, fatty-acid composition, and sensory characteristics, with percentage improvements ranging from 1.90% to 56.07%, 0.73% to 23.21%, and 0.88% to 11.85%, respectively. In terms of prediction bias, ssGBLUP showed less bias estimates than GBLUP for the majority of traits related to meat quality traits, sensory characteristics, and fatty-acid composition of Duroc meat. In this study, ssGBLUP outperformed GBLUP in terms of prediction accuracy and bias for the majority of traits. Through selection and breeding, our findings could be used to promote meat production with improved nutritional value.

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Reliability of genomic evaluation for egg quality traits in layers.

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Reliability of genomic evaluation for egg quality traits in layers.

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