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Recent increases in depressive symptoms among US adolescents: trends from 1991 to 2018.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Mental health problems and mental health related mortality have increased among adolescents, particularly girls. These trends have implications for etiology and prevention and suggest new and emerging risk factors in need of attention. The present study estimated age, period, and cohort effects in depressive symptoms among US nationally representative samples of school attending adolescents from 1991 to 2018. METHODS:Data are drawn from 1991 to 2018 Monitoring the Future yearly cross-sectional surveys of 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students (N?=?1,260,159). Depressive symptoms measured with four questions that had consistent wording and data collection procedures across all 28 years. Age-period-cohort effects estimated using the hierarchical age-period-cohort models. RESULTS:Among girls, depressive symptoms decreased from 1991 to 2011, then reversed course, peaking in 2018; these increases reflected primarily period effects, which compared to the mean of all periods showed a gradual increase starting in 2012 and peaked in 2018 (estimate?=?1.15, p?

SUBMITTER: Keyes KM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7015269 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Recent increases in depressive symptoms among US adolescents: trends from 1991 to 2018.

Keyes Katherine M KM   Gary Dahsan D   O'Malley Patrick M PM   Hamilton Ava A   Schulenberg John J  

Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 20190330 8

<h4>Background</h4>Mental health problems and mental health related mortality have increased among adolescents, particularly girls. These trends have implications for etiology and prevention and suggest new and emerging risk factors in need of attention. The present study estimated age, period, and cohort effects in depressive symptoms among US nationally representative samples of school attending adolescents from 1991 to 2018.<h4>Methods</h4>Data are drawn from 1991 to 2018 Monitoring the Futur  ...[more]

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