On eight species of jumping spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Salticidae).
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wang C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7015953 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Twenty one jumping spider species from South Yunnan are reported, diagnosed, described and illustrated; 19 of them are described as new: Afraflacilla ballarini Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Agorius tortilis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Bavia exilis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Carrhotus kevinlii Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Carrhotus sarahcrewsae Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Chinattus wengnanensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Chinophrys mengyangensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Cocalus menglaensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Cosmophasis xiaolonghaensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Cytaea yunnanensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Gedea pinguis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Gelotia zhengi Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Icius bamboo Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Nannenus menghaiensis Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Pancorius latus Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Phintella lepidus Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Phintella sancha Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂), Ptocasius paraweyersi Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), and Stenaelurillus fuscus Cao & Li, sp. n. (♂). Females of Bavia capistrata (C.L. Koch, 1846) and Phintella suavisoides Lei & Peng, 2013 are described for the first time. DNA barcodes of 12 species were obtained for future use.
| S-EPMC5126523 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Two new genera and eight new species of jumping spiders from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG) are diagnosed, described, and illustrated. The new genera are Dendroicius gen. nov. (type species D. hotaruae sp. nov. (??)) and Megaeupoa gen. nov. (type species M. yanfengi sp. nov. (??)). The new species are Colyttus yiwui sp. nov. (??), Euophrys xuyei sp. nov. (??), Foliabitus weihangi sp. nov. (??), Nigorella mengla sp. nov. (??), Onomastus chenae sp. nov. (??), and Synagelides platnicki sp. nov. (??). A new combination is proposed: Megaeupoa gravelyi (Caleb, 2018), comb. nov., ex Brettus Thorell, 1895. Two new synonyms have been proposed: Irura prima (?abka, 1985), syn. nov. with Irura mandarina Simon, 1903; Evarcha digitata Peng & Li, 2002, syn. nov. with Ptocasius montiformis Song, 1991.
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Project description:Nine new species of jumping spiders from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden are described: Euochinyaoi sp. nov. (♀♂), Laufeiabanna sp. nov. (♀♂), Marengotangi sp. nov. (♀♂), Myrmarachneliui sp. nov. (♀♂), Nandiciusproszynskii sp. nov. (♂), Phintelloidespengi sp. nov. (♀♂), Poecilorchesteszhengi sp. nov. (♀♂), Rhenewandae sp. nov. (♂) and Simaethacheni sp. nov. (♀♂). The female of Chinattusinflatus Wang & Li, 2020 is described for the first time.
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Project description:Seven new species of jumping spiders collected from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden in Yunnan, China, are diagnosed and described: Charippus yinae sp. nov. (♂♀), Chinattus inflatus sp. nov. (♂), Indomarengo yui sp. nov. (♂), Phintella banna sp. nov. (♂♀), P. mii sp. nov. (♂♀), Simaetha menglun sp. nov. (♂♀) and S. pengi sp. nov. (♂♀). Charippus yinae sp. nov. is the second species of the genus Charippus Thorell, 1895, which was previously known only from one sex.
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Project description:In order to resolve better the deep relationships among salticid spiders, we compiled and analyzed a molecular dataset of 169 salticid taxa (and 7 outgroups) and 8 gene regions. This dataset adds many new taxa to previous analyses, especially among the non-salticoid salticids, as well as two new genes - wingless and myosin heavy chain. Both of these genes, and especially the better sampled wingless, confirm many of the relationships indicated by other genes. The cocalodines are placed as sister to lapsiines, in a broader clade with the spartaeines. Cocalodines, lapsiines, and spartaeines are each supported as monophyletic, though the first two have no known morphological synapomorphies. The lyssomanines appear to be non-monophyletic, of three separate groups: (1) Lyssomanes plus Chinoscopus, (2) Onomastus, and (3) the remainder of Old World species. Several previously-inferred relationships continue to be supported: hisponines as sister to the Salticoida, Amycoida as sister to the remaining Salticoida, and Saltafresia as monophyletic. The relationship of Salticus with Philaeus and relatives is now considered well enough corroborated to move the latter into the subfamily Salticinae. A new clade consisting of the Plexippoida + Aelurilloida + Leptorchesteae + Salticinae is recognized. Nungia is found to be an astioid, and Echeclus, Gedea and Diplocanthopoda to be hasariines. The euophryines are corroborated as monophyletic. The agoriines Agorius and Synagelides are salticoids, within the sister group to amycoids, but their further placement is problematical, perhaps because of their nuclear ribosomal genes' high GC bias, as also seen in the similarly problematic Eupoa.
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Project description:Eight new genera and 30 new species are described: Cirrosus gen. n. (type species Cirrosusatrocaudatus sp. n. (??)), Conglin gen. n. (type species Conglinpersonatus sp. n. (?)), Curtimeticus gen. n. (type species Curtimeticusnebulosus sp. n. (?)), Gladiata gen. n. (type species Gladiatafengli sp. n. (?)), Glebala gen. n. (type species Glebalaaspera sp. n. (?)), Glomerosus gen. n. (type species Glomerosuslateralis sp. n. (?)), Smerasia gen. n. (type species Smerasiaobscurus sp. n. (??)), Vittatus gen. n. (type species Vittatusfencha sp. n. (??)); Batuetacuspidata sp. n. (??), Capsulialaciniosa sp. n. (?), Dactylopisthesseparatus sp. n. (?), Gongylidiellumbracteatum sp. n. (?), Houshenzinusxiaolongha sp. n. (??), Laogonebai sp. n. (?), Laogonelunata sp. n. (??), Marobulbosus sp. n. (?), Nasoonariacircinata sp. n. (??), Nerienecircifolia sp. n. (??), Oedothoraxbiantu sp. n. (?), Oilinyphiahengji sp. n. (??), Paikinianafurcata sp. n. (??), Parameionetabishou sp. n. (??), Parameionetamultifida sp. n. (??), Parameionetatricolorata sp. n. (??), Tapinopaundata sp. n. (?), Theoabidentata sp. n. (??), Theoavesica sp. n. (??), Vittatusbian sp. n. (??), Vittatuslatus sp. n. (??), Vittatuspan sp. n. (??). The male of Kaestneriabicultrata Chen & Yin, 2000 and the females of Asiagoneperforata Tanasevitch, 2014 and Batuetasimilis Wunderlich & Song, 1995 are described for the first time; photos of Bathyphantesparacymbialis Tanasevitch, 2014 are provided.
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Project description:BackgroundHabronattus is a diverse clade of jumping spiders with complex courtship displays and repeated evolution of Y chromosomes. A well-resolved species phylogeny would provide an important framework to study these traits, but has not yet been achieved, in part because the few genes available in past studies gave conflicting signals. Such discordant gene trees could be the result of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) in recently diverged parts of the phylogeny, but there are indications that introgression could be a source of conflict.ResultsTo infer Habronattus phylogeny and investigate the cause of gene tree discordance, we assembled transcriptomes for 34 Habronattus species and 2 outgroups. The concatenated 2.41 Mb of nuclear data (1877 loci) resolved phylogeny by Maximum Likelihood (ML) with high bootstrap support (95-100%) at most nodes, with some uncertainty surrounding the relationships of H. icenoglei, H. cambridgei, H. oregonensis, and Pellenes canadensis. Species tree analyses by ASTRAL and SVDQuartets gave almost completely congruent results. Several nodes in the ML phylogeny from 12.33 kb of mitochondrial data are incongruent with the nuclear phylogeny and indicate possible mitochondrial introgression: the internal relationships of the americanus and the coecatus groups, the relationship between the altanus, decorus, banksi, and americanus group, and between H. clypeatus and the coecatus group. To determine the relative contributions of ILS and introgression, we analyzed gene tree discordance for nuclear loci longer than 1 kb using Bayesian Concordance Analysis (BCA) for the americanus group (679 loci) and the VCCR clade (viridipes/clypeatus/coecatus/roberti groups) (517 loci) and found signals of introgression in both. Finally, we tested specifically for introgression in the concatenated nuclear matrix with Patterson's D statistics and DFOIL. We found nuclear introgression resulting in substantial admixture between americanus group species, between H. roberti and the clypeatus group, and between the clypeatus and coecatus groups.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the phylogenetic history of Habronattus is predominantly a diverging tree, but that hybridization may have been common between phylogenetically distant species, especially in subgroups with complex courtship displays.
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Project description:Epocillapakhtunkhwa Ali & Maddison, sp. n. and Stenaelurillusmardanicus Ali & Maddison, sp. n. are described from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. Noted for the first time is the presence in Epocilla of a small bump just anterior to the fovea of the carapace, of unknown functional significance, otherwise known in the unrelated Opisthoncus L. Koch, 1880 and Cocalus Pocock, 1897. In addition, the female of Menemerusnigli Weso?owska & Freudenschuss, 2012 is described for the first time.
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Project description:The systematics of sitticine jumping spiders is reviewed, with a focus on the Palearctic and Nearctic regions, in order to revise their generic classification, clarify the species of one region (Canada), and study their chromosomes. A genome-wide molecular phylogeny of 23 sitticine species, using more than 700 loci from the arachnid Ultra-Conserved Element (UCE) probeset, confirms the Neotropical origins of sitticines, whose basal divergence separates the new subtribeAillutticina (a group of five Neotropical genera) from the subtribe Sitticina (five genera of Eurasia and the Americas). The phylogeny shows that most Eurasian sitticines form a relatively recent and rapid radiation, which we unite into the genus Attulus Simon, 1868, consisting of the subgenera Sitticus Simon, 1901 (seven described species), Attulus (41 described species), and Sittilong Prószy?ski, 2017 (one species). Five species of Attulus occur natively in North America, presumably through dispersals back from the Eurasian radiation, but an additional three species were more recently introduced from Eurasia. Attus palustris Peckham & Peckham, 1883 is considered to be a full synonym of Euophrys floricola C. L. Koch, 1837 (not a distinct subspecies). Attus sylvestris Emerton, 1891 is removed from synonymy and recognized as a senior synonym of Sitticus magnus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944. Thus, the five native Attulus in North America are Attulus floricola, A. sylvestris, A. cutleri, A. striatus, and A. finschi. The other sitticines of Canada and the U.S.A. are placed in separate genera, all of which arose from a Neotropical radiation including Jollas Simon, 1901 and Tomis F.O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1901: (1) Attinella Banks, 1905 (A. dorsata, A. concolor, A. juniperi), (2) Tomis (T. welchi), and (3) Sittisax Prószy?ski, 2017 (S. ranieri). All Neotropical and Caribbean "Sitticus" are transferred to either Jollas (12 species total) or Tomis (14 species). Attinella (three species) and Tomis are both removed from synonymy with Sitticus; the synonymy of Sitticus cabellensis Prószy?ski, 1971 with Pseudattulus kratochvili Caporiacco, 1947 is restored; Pseudattulus Caporiacco, 1947 is synonymized with Tomis. Six generic names are newly synonymized with Attulus and one with Attinella. Two Neotropical species are described as new, Jollas cupreus sp. nov. and Tomis manabita sp. nov. Forty-six new combinations are established and three are restored. Three species synonymies are restored, one is new, and two are rejected. Across this diversity of species is a striking diversification of chromosome complements, with X-autosome fusions occurring at least four times to produce neo-Y sex chromosome systems (X1X2Y and X1X2X3Y), some of which (Sittisax ranieri and S. saxicola) are sufficiently derived as to no longer preserve the simple traces of ancestral X material. The correlated distribution of neo-Y and a base autosome number of 28 suggests that neo-Y origins occurred preferentially in lineages with the presence of an extra pair of autosomes.
| S-EPMC7160194 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The harmochirine jumping spiders include the New World Habronattus, notable for their complex courtship displays, and Pellenes, found throughout the Old World and North America. Five new species of Habronattus and one new species of Pellenes are here described from North America: Habronattus aestus, sp. n., Habronattus chamelasp. n., Habronattus empyrussp. n., Habronattus luminosussp. n., Habronattus robertisp. n., and Pellenes canadensissp. n. For each of the new species, photographs of living specimens are given, as well as notes on habitat. The new subgenus Pellenattus is described for the subgroup of Pellenes restricted to North America, with type species Pellenes peninsularis Emerton, 1925. Species placed in Pellenes (Pellenattus) are Pellenes apacheus Lowrie & Gertsch, 1955, Pellenes canadensissp. n., Pellenes crandalli Lowrie & Gertsch, 1955, Pellenes dorsalis (Banks, 1898b), Pellenes grammaticus Chamberlin 1925, Pellenes levii Lowrie & Gertsch, 1955, Pellenes limatus Peckham & Peckham, 1901, Pellenes longimanus Emerton, 1913, Pellenes peninsularis Emerton, 1925, Pellenes shoshonensis Gertsch, 1934, and Pellenes washonus Lowrie & Gertsch, 1955. Pellenes wrighti Lowrie & Gertsch, 1955 is synonymized with Pellenes peninsularis. Attention is drawn to an undescribed species of Habronattus from Canada whose only known specimen is apparently lost.
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