Octyl Gallate Induces Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Apoptosis and Suppresses Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Promoted M2-Macrophages, HSP90? Secretion, and Tumor Growth.

ABSTRACT: Octyl gallate (OG) is a common antioxidant and preservative safely used in food additive and cosmetics. In this study, OG exhibited an activity to induce apoptosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. It induced BNIP3L level and facilitated physical associations of BNIP3L with Bcl-2 as well as Bcl-XL to set the mitochondrial Bax/Bak channels free for cytochrome c release. In addition, in vivo evaluation also showed that daily oral administration of OG was efficacious to prevent the tumor growth of PDAC cell grafts. Considering PDAC is a desmoplastic tumor consisting of many cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), we further evaluated the efficacy of OG in a CAFs-involved PDAC mouse model. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is an important source of CAFs. The mix of EndoMT-derived CAFs with PDAC cell grafts significantly recruited myeloid-derived macrophages but prevented immune T cells. HSP90? secreted by EndoMT-derived CAFs further induced macrophage M2-polarization and more HSP90? secretion to expedite PDAC tumor growth. OG exhibited its potent efficacy against the tumor growth, M2-macrophages, and serum HSP90? level in the EndoMT-involved PDAC mouse model. CD91 and TLR4 are cell-surface receptors for extracellular HSP90? (eHSP90?). OG blocked eHSP90?-TLR4 ligation and, thus, prevented eHSP90?-induced M2-macrophages and more HSP90? secretion from macrophages and PDAC cells.

SUBMITTER: Chua KV 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7016987 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature