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Factors associated with stroke among adult patients with hypertension in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018: A case-control study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Globally, the burden of stroke is increasing at an alarming rate. Factors associated with stroke among hypertensive patients are not consistent across different studies and there are limited studies particularly to hypertensive stroke in the particular setting. This study aimed to assess factors associated with stroke among patients with hypertension in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2018. METHODS:Hospital-based case-control study was conducted from February to April 2018. Cases were adult hypertensive patients with stroke and controls were adult hypertensive patients without a stroke. Cases and controls were identified from the patient's card review. Using a systematic random sampling technique 89 cases and 356 controls were included in this study. Record review, physical measurement, and interview techniques were used to collect data. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 23. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression were selected for multivariable logistic regression. The adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to determine the association. P-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. RESULTS:The mean age of cases and controls were 56.3 years (SD±13.53) and 51.9 years (SD±12.67) respectively. Lost to follow-up (AOR = 2.474, 95%CI: 1.368-4.929), alcohol drinking (AOR = 2.440, 95%CI: 1.291-4.613), use of excessive salt in diet (AOR = 3.249, 95%CI: (1.544-6.837), medication non-adherence (AOR = 3.967, 95%CI: 2.256-6.973), uncontrolled systolic blood pressure, (AOR = 3.196, 95%CI: 1.60-6.382), uncontrolled diastolic blood pressure (AOR = 2.204, 95%CI: 1.130-4.297) and high cholesterol level (AOR = 2.413, 95%CI: 1.319-4.414) were found to be significant factors. CONCLUSION:Lost to follow-up, alcohol drinking, uses of excessive salt in diet, medication non-adherence, and uncontrolled systolic and diastolic blood pressure were associated with stroke. Health education on lifestyle practices and hypertension-related complications in each follow-up visit is very essential for improving the primary stroke prevention.

SUBMITTER: Mekonen HH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7018071 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Factors associated with stroke among adult patients with hypertension in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018: A case-control study.

Mekonen Haftea Hagos HH Birhanu Mulugeta Molla MM Mossie Tilahun Belete TB Gebreslassie Hagos Tsegabrhan HT

PloS one 20200213 2

<h4>Background</h4>Globally, the burden of stroke is increasing at an alarming rate. Factors associated with stroke among hypertensive patients are not consistent across different studies and there are limited studies particularly to hypertensive stroke in the particular setting. This study aimed to assess factors associated with stroke among patients with hypertension in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2018.<h4>Methods</h4>Hospital-based case-control stud ...[more]

PMID: 32053644

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Project description:IntroductionLipodystrophy can cause poor glycemic control in addition to cosmetic problems in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, data on its prevalence and associated factors is scarce among children and adolescents who live in developing countries like Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and identify associated factors of lipodystrophy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus who visited the endocrinology clinic of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital between May 1 and July 31, 2020.MethodThis was an institution-based cross-sectional study conducted on 57 children and 65 adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus who had been taking insulin injections for a year or more. The dependent variable was lipodystrophy. A pretested, structured questionnaire was used to collect data related to lipodystrophy and other characteristics. The principal investigator oversaw the data collection, which was done by pediatric and child health specialty residents with training. Data was subjected to descriptive statistics, and predictors of lipodystrophy were identified by fitting a multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05.ResultsMore than half (53.3%) of patients were in the age range of 13 to 17. The male-to-female ratio was almost 1:1. Educational status for 63.1% of patients was primary school. Four-fifths of patients were residing in urban areas. Of the 122 participants, 60 (49.2%) had lipodystrophy (48.3% lipohypertrophy and 0.8% lipoatrophy), with grade II lipohypertrophy being the most common type at 81.7%. The thigh was the most common site of lipodystrophy. In multivariable regression analysis, the long duration of insulin injection (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI, 1.5 to 9.0, p = 0.005) and inappropriate rotation of the injection site (AOR = 9.0, 95% CI, 2.2 to 37.0, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with lipodystrophy. HbA1c testing was conducted for 70 patients, and poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%) was found in 43 (61.4%) of them. Patients with lipodystrophy were more likely to have poor glycemic control (75%) than those without lipodystrophy (47.1%) (p = 0.016).ConclusionThe prevalence of lipodystrophy was comparable with other studies. Long duration of insulin injection and improper rotation of the injection site are associated with an increased risk of lipodystrophy. Patients with lipodystrophy were more likely to have poor glycemic control, defined by higher HgA1c, than those without lipodystrophy. Proper education of patients and their parents must include correct injection techniques, rotating injection sites, and changing injection sites intermittently to lessen the risk of developing lipodystrophy.

Project description:Background Cancer-related pain (CRP) is a major problem with a potential negative impact on quality of life of the patients and their caregivers. Purpose To assess the adequacy of cancer-related pain management in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH). Methodology. A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in ACSH from January to March 2019. A well-structured professional-assisted questionnaire using Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) was used to collect data concerning the severity of pain, functioning interference, and adequacy of pain management in cancer patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.21. Result Out of 91 participants, 47 (51.6%) were male and 52 (57.1%) were between the age group of 18–45, with the mean age of 44.8?±?13.6 years. According to the pain assessment tool (BPI), 85 (93.4%) patients experienced pain and 90 (98.9%) patients had activity interference; negative pain management index (PMI) was observed in 40 (43.95%) patients, showing that 43.95% were receiving inadequate pain management. Out of 38 patients who received no analgesics, 35.2% were found to have inadequate pain management, whereas those who took strong opioids had 100% effective pain management and the majority of the patients were in stage III. Among 38 (41.76%) only 20 (52.63%) received adequate pain management, based on patients' self-report in which 18.7% of the participants stated that they got 30% pain relief and only 1.1% got 90% relief. The predictors of undertreatment were presence of severe pain, metastasis, comorbidity, and stage of the cancer and could also be due to the educational level and monthly income, as evidenced by significant association. Conclusion This study suggests that cancer pain management in ACSH was sufficient for only 56%. However, large numbers of individuals are suffering from a manageable pain. Hence, remedial action should be taken, including increasing awareness of symptom management in medical staff and incorporating existing knowledge into routine clinical practice.

Project description:BackgroundAs the healthcare industry shifts toward patient-centered models, providers will need to fully understand patient satisfaction and how they affect their practices. This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction towards the emergency medical care and factors associated with at Ayder specialized comprehensive hospital, Emergency room, Mekelle, Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1-30, 2019. A systematic random sampling method was used to enroll 299 study participants. Data were collected using a standard Brief Emergency Department Patient Satisfaction Scale questionnaire by trained data collectors. Data was entered into EpiData 3.1 then exported and analyzed by SPSS version 22. Binary and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the factors associated with patient satisfaction. Where the p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsA total of 299 participants were enrolled in the study with a response rate of 99.3%. On overall patient satisfaction score majority (81.9%) of them were satisfied with the emergency medical care provided. The satisfaction rate towards emergency staff courtesy, emergency room environment, physician care satisfaction, general patient satisfaction, and patient family satisfaction was 80.3%, 37.5%, 75.9%, 70.9%, and 49.8% respectively. Those who arrived during the morning time of the day tend to be satisfied more with the emergency services (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI: 2.08, 11.4), while having low educational status (able to read and write) (AOR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.50) and waiting time till seen by a doctor (AOR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.003, 1.4) was found to affect patient satisfaction negatively.ConclusionsThe total patient satisfaction score towards emergency medical care was found to be good. The hospital management and emergency room staff should act on the identified factors especially on minimizing the patients waiting time to improve the quality of care in the emergency department.

Project description:Background:Perinatal asphyxia is defined as the inability of the newborn to initiate and sustain enough respiration after delivery and is characterized by a marked impairment of gas exchange. It is one of the most common causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. There are very few studies on perinatal asphyxia in Tigray, and so this study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of perinatal asphyxia in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital NICU, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods:An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among neonates admitted to Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January 1, 2016, to December 30, 2017. Medical records of 267 neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were selected by a systematic sampling method, and relevant information was collected using a checklist. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics were computed to determine the prevalence of birth asphyxia and sociodemographic and obstetrics data. Binary logistic regression was used to test associations between the associated factors and perinatal asphyxia. First bivariate analysis was performed to assess the association without controlling the effect of other independent variables. Variables with P value < 0.25 were fitted to the multivariable binary logistic regression model. Finally, variables with P value < 0.25 were fitted to the multivariable binary logistic regression model. Finally, variables with. Results:Of the 267 neonates, 48 neonates had perinatal asphyxia, giving a prevalence of 18%. Prolonged labor (AOR = 5.19, 95% CI: 1.73-15.63, P value < 0.25 were fitted to the multivariable binary logistic regression model. Finally, variables with P value < 0.25 were fitted to the multivariable binary logistic regression model. Finally, variables with P value < 0.25 were fitted to the multivariable binary logistic regression model. Finally, variables with Conclusion and Recommendations. Prevalence and mortality of asphyxia were high. Prolonged labor, presence of meconium, and preeclampsia were determinant factors for birth asphyxia. Early detection and intervention of high-risk mothers should be carried out by health care providers, and mothers should be monitored with partograph during labor.

Project description:BackgroundDiscontinuing contraception without switching to a different type of family planning (FP) method contributes to unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion. Unplanned discontinuation of Implanon (which is discontinuation of Implanon without switching, but not for reasons of wanting to get pregnant) during the first year and its possible determinants have not been well investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of unplanned discontinuation of Implanon during the first year.MethodsA retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 413 consecutive series of eligible women at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northern Ethiopia. Data were drawn from both FP initiation and removal registration books and from contacting users by phone over a one-year period (April 2016 and March 2017). The inclusion of the categorical predictor in the final Cox model was considered if the test had a P-value of <0.25 in the log-rank test. We identified predictors of time to unplanned discontinuation using a multivariable Cox regression analysis. Adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the association of covariates with the risk of discontinuation. There were no statistically significant interaction terms and proportionality assumption was fulfilled.ResultsThe unplanned discontinuation rate of Implanon during the first year was 18.2%, with an incidence density of 16.3 discontinuations/1000 women-months. Compared with those under 20 years of age, women aged 20 to 24 years (AHR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.19-0.91) had a protective effect against discontinuation. On the other hand, clients whose partner's educational level was lower than secondary (AHR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.08-4.49) and who had never used any modern contraception method before (AHR = 3.26; 95% CI: 1.61-6.61) had a higher risk of discontinuation.ConclusionsOur findings have significant implications for understanding why Implanon is discontinued in an unplanned manner, and will help policy makers plan the interventions needed to improve Implanon continuity by overcoming identified barriers. Providers in similar settings should pay more attention to clients whose partners have lower educational status and who are new acceptors.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Off- label drug use refers to the use of medicines outside of their marketing authorization with respect to dose, dosage form, route of administration, indication or age. Off-label/unlicensed drug use significantly associated with adverse drug reactions and medication errors in neonates and critically ill neonates are more vulnerable to these problems. OBJECTIVE:To assess the prevalence and associated factors with off-label and unlicensed drug use in neonatal intensive care unit of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 01,2019 to April 30, 2019 in neonatal intensive care unit of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Neonates admitted for 24?h and took at least one medicine were included in the study. Data was collected from prescription and medical charts. The off-label and license status of the medicine was verified based on European medicine Agency electronic medicine compendium. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Binary and multivariate logistic regression was done to assess the predictors of off-label/unlicensed medicine use at p-value ?0.05 significance level. RESULT:A total of 364 medicines prescribed for 122 neonates were analyzed. The prevalence of off-label and unlicensed drug use was 246 (67.58%), and 86 (23.63%) respectively. Of the total 122 neonates, 114(93.44%), and 57(46.72%) of them were exposed to at least one off-label and unlicensed drug respectively. Antibiotics were the most commonly prescribed off-label and unlicensed drugs. No statistically significant association was found between demographic as well as health related variables with off-label/unlicensed medicine use at p-value of ?0.05 significance level. CONCLUSION:Off-label and unlicensed medicine use was high among neonates admitted to intensive care unit of the hospital. Selecting the safest medicines for such vulnerable patients is crucial to promote rational prescribing and better therapeutic benefit.

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Factors associated with stroke among adult patients with hypertension in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018: A case-control study.

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Factors associated with stroke among adult patients with hypertension in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018: A case-control study.

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