Dataset Information

Presbycusis: An Update on Cochlear Mechanisms and Therapies.

ABSTRACT: Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI), also referred to as presbycusis, is the most common sensory impairment seen in the elderly. As our cochlea, the peripheral organ of hearing, ages, we tend to experience a decline in hearing and are at greater risk of cochlear sensory-neural cell degeneration and exacerbated age-related hearing impairments, e.g., gradual hearing loss, deterioration in speech comprehension (especially in noisy environments), difficulty in the localization sound sources, and ringing sensations in the ears. However, the aging process does not affect people uniformly; nor, in fact, does the aging process appear to be uniform even within an individual. Here, we outline recent research into chronological cochlear age in healthy people, and exacerbated hearing impairments during aging due to both extrinsic factors including noise and ototoxic medication, and intrinsic factors such as genetic predisposition, epigenetic factors, and aging. We review our current understanding of molecular pathways mediating ARHL and discuss recent discoveries in experimental hearing restoration and future prospects.

SUBMITTER: Wang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7019248 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Presbycusis: An Update on Cochlear Mechanisms and Therapies.

Wang Jing J Puel Jean-Luc JL

Journal of clinical medicine 20200114 1

Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI), also referred to as presbycusis, is the most common sensory impairment seen in the elderly. As our cochlea, the peripheral organ of hearing, ages, we tend to experience a decline in hearing and are at greater risk of cochlear sensory-neural cell degeneration and exacerbated age-related hearing impairments, e.g., gradual hearing loss, deterioration in speech comprehension (especially in noisy environments), difficulty in the localization sound sources, and r ...[more]

PMID: 31947524

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Project description:HypothesisOuter sulcus cell features and distribution are hypothesized to differ throughout regions of the human cochlea and between diseased and normal specimens.BackgroundOuter sulcus cells play a role in inner ear fluid homeostasis. However, their anatomy and distribution in the human are not well described.MethodsTemporal bone specimens with normal hearing (n = 10), Menière's disease (n = 10), presbycusis with flat audiograms (n = 4), and presbycusis with sloping audiograms (n = 5) were examined by light microscopy. Outer sulcus cells were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively in each cochlear turn. One specimen was stained for tubulin immunofluorescence and imaged using confocal microscopy.ResultsOuter sulcus cells interface with endolymph throughout the cochlea, with greatest contact in the apical turn. Mean outer sulcus cell counts in the upper apical turn (8.82) were generally smaller (all p < 0.05) than those of the upper basal (17.71), lower middle (18.99) upper middle (18.23), and lower apical (16.42) turns. Mean outer sulcus cell counts were higher (p < 0.05) in normal controls (20.1) than in diseased specimens (15.29). There was a significant correlation between mean cell counts and tonotopically expected hearing thresholds in the upper basal (r = -0.662, p = 0.0001), lower middle (r = -0.565, p = 0.0017), and upper middle (r = -0.507, p = 0.0136) regions. Other differences in cell morphology, distribution, or relationship with Claudius cells were not appreciated between normal and diseased specimens. Menière's specimens had no apparent unique features in the cochlear apex. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated outer sulcus cells extending into the spiral ligament in bundles forming tapering processes which differed between the cochlear turns in morphology.ConclusionOuter sulcus cells vary throughout the cochlear turns and correlate with hearing status, but not in a manner specific to the underlying diagnoses of Menière's disease or presbycusis.

Dataset Information

Presbycusis: An Update on Cochlear Mechanisms and Therapies.

Publications

Presbycusis: An Update on Cochlear Mechanisms and Therapies.

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