Dataset Information

Verbal Instructions and Motor Learning: How Analogy and Explicit Instructions Influence the Development of Mental Representations and Tennis Serve Performance.

ABSTRACT: To better understand the benefits of using analogy and explicit instructions, the underlying cognitive mechanism remains to be explored. The concept of chunking provides a promising approach to the cognitive mechanism of instructions and can be approximated by analyzing athletes' mental representations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of analogy and explicit instructions on performance and the cognitive representations of the tennis serve in intermediate participants over the course of a 5-week training period. Junior tennis players (N = 44; M = 11.5 years) were tested on their tennis serve and, based on their initial performance and their individual error patterns, assigned to one of three groups: an analogy group (N = 15), an explicit group (N = 15), or a control group (N = 14). Their performance and their mental representation structures were assessed prior to and after the 5-week training period and again after a retention period of 14 days. Independent of group, findings demonstrated higher velocity from pretest to posttest. Participants in both the analogy and the explicit group showed enhanced accuracy over time and more functional mental representation structures. Thus, both analogy instruction and explicit instruction helped to structure mental representations in their long-term memory.

SUBMITTER: Meier C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7019697 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Verbal Instructions and Motor Learning: How Analogy and Explicit Instructions Influence the Development of Mental Representations and Tennis Serve Performance.

Meier Christopher C Frank Cornelia C Gröben Bernd B Schack Thomas T

Frontiers in psychology 20200207

To better understand the benefits of using analogy and explicit instructions, the underlying cognitive mechanism remains to be explored. The concept of chunking provides a promising approach to the cognitive mechanism of instructions and can be approximated by analyzing athletes' mental representations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of analogy and explicit instructions on performance and the cognitive representations of the tennis serve in intermediate participants o ...[more]

PMID: 32116881

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Project description:BackgroundThe tennis serve is a complex skill requiring appropriate energy transfer to maximize serve speed. As the only independently powered shot in tennis, it is important to understand what characteristics contribute to a player's serve.HypothesisUpper extremity and lower extremity power variables will be predictive of serve speed.Study designCross-sectional study.Level of evidenceLevel 3.MethodsA total of 42 competitive tennis players underwent range of motion, strength, motor control, power, and serve speed testing. Motion assessment was completed for shoulder external and internal rotation, trunk rotation, hip external and internal rotation, and ankle dorsiflexion. Strength was assessed for the rotator cuff, scapula, and hip musculature. Motor control was evaluated through upper and lower extremity Y-balance testing. Power assessments were made using broad jump, single-leg hop, and seated unilateral shot put testing. Pearson correlation was conducted to assess associations of skill, height, and tested variables to serve speed. Significant variables were used in a stepwise linear regression model, with serve speed as the dependent variable. Variables are listed in relation to the participant's dominant arm.ResultsSkill, height, contralateral hip external rotation range of motion, nondominant arm Y-balance anterolateral reach, bilateral single-leg hops, and seated unilateral shot put throws for both arms demonstrated significant positive correlations to serve speed ( P < 0.05). Serve speed was predicted with 84% variance through skill, height, contralateral hip external rotation range of motion, ipsilateral single-leg hop, and the seated unilateral shot put throws.ConclusionThe ability to generate increased serve speed is multifactorial. The combination of skill, height, hip motion, and upper and lower extremity power may determine serve speed.Clinical relevanceThe findings suggest that motion, motor control, and power testing should be evaluated when working with this population to improve serve speed.

Dataset Information

Verbal Instructions and Motor Learning: How Analogy and Explicit Instructions Influence the Development of Mental Representations and Tennis Serve Performance.

Publications

Verbal Instructions and Motor Learning: How Analogy and Explicit Instructions Influence the Development of Mental Representations and Tennis Serve Performance.

Similar Datasets

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