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Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) Instigate Plant Growth and Induce Disease Resistance in Capsicum annuum L. upon Infection with Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler & Bisby.

ABSTRACT: In the current study, a total of 70 fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of chilli collected from six different districts of south Karnataka, India. All the rhizospheric fungi were evaluated for its antagonistic nature against Colletotrichum capsici-the causal agent of anthracnose disease-and eight isolates were found positive. The antagonistic fungi were further characterized for the production of plant growth-promoting traits wherein five isolates were recorded positive for all the traits tested and were also positive for root colonization. All five plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) were subjected to molecular characterization for identification up to the species level and the accession numbers were obtained from NCBI. The five isolates, namely NBP-08, NBP-45, NBP-61, NBP-66 and NBP-67, were further experimented with on susceptible seeds to evaluate its efficacy on seed and plant growth parameters along with induction of resistance against the anthracnose disease. The evaluated PGPF offered significant enhancement in seed and plant growth parameters with maximum improvement observed in seeds treated with NBP-61. Among the PGPF isolates, NBP-61 showed the maximum protection of 78.75%, while all the other isolates also showed significant protection against anthracnose disease compared to untreated plants. The higher accumulation of lignin and callose deposition along with enhanced defense enzyme activities in the PGPF-treated challenge-inoculated seedlings authenticated the protection offered by PGPF. The study evidenced the immense ability of PGPF in eliciting disease protection and enhancement of plant growth in chilli, which may act as a possible substitute for harmful chemicals.

SUBMITTER: Naziya B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7023450 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) Instigate Plant Growth and Induce Disease Resistance in Capsicum annuum L. upon Infection with Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler & Bisby.

Naziya Banu B Murali Mahadevamurthy M Amruthesh Kestur Nagaraj KN

Biomolecules 20191226 1

In the current study, a total of 70 fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of chilli collected from six different districts of south Karnataka, India. All the rhizospheric fungi were evaluated for its antagonistic nature against Colletotrichum capsici-the causal agent of anthracnose disease-and eight isolates were found positive. The antagonistic fungi were further characterized for the production of plant growth-promoting traits wherein five isolates were recorded positive for all ...[more]

PMID: 31888106

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Project description:Anthracnose of chili (Capsicum spp.) causes major production losses throughout Asia where chili plants are grown. A total of 260 Colletotrichum isolates, associated with necrotic lesions of chili leaves and fruit were collected from chili producing areas of Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Taiwan. Colletotrichum truncatum was the most commonly isolated species from infected chili fruit and was readily identified by its falcate spores and abundant setae in the necrotic lesions. The other isolates consisted of straight conidia (cylindrical and fusiform) which were difficult to differentiate to species based on morphological characters. Taxonomic analysis of these straight conidia isolates based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, gapdh, chs-1, act, tub2, his3, ApMat, gs) revealed a further seven known Colletotrichum species, C. endophyticum, C. fructicola, C. karsti, C. plurivorum, C. scovillei, C. siamense and C. tropicale. In addition, three novel species are also described as C. javanense, C. makassarense and C. tainanense, associated with anthracnose of chili fruit in West Java (Indonesia); Makassar, South Sulawesi (Indonesia); and Tainan (Taiwan), respectively. Colletotrichum siamense is reported for the first time causing anthracnose of Capsicum annuum in Indonesia and Sri Lanka. This is also the first report of C. fructicola causing anthracnose of chili in Taiwan and Thailand and C. plurivorum in Malaysia and Thailand. Of the species with straight conidia, C. scovillei (acutatum complex), was the most prevalent throughout the surveyed countries, except for Sri Lanka from where this species was not isolated. Colletotrichum siamense (gloeosporioides complex) was also common in Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Pathogenicity tests on chili fruit showed that C. javanense and C. scovillei were highly aggressive, especially when inoculated on non-wounded fruit, compared to all other species. The existence of new, highly aggressive exotic species, such as C. javanense, poses a biosecurity risk to production in countries which do not have adequate quarantine regulations to restrict the entry of exotic pathogens.

Project description:Extreme environmental conditions seriously affect crop growth and development, resulting in substantial reduction in yield and quality. However, chitin-binding proteins (CBP) family member CaChiVI2 plays a crucial role in eliminating the impact of adverse environmental conditions, such as cold and salt stress. Here, for the first time it was discovered that CaChiVI2 (Capana08g001237) gene of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) had a role in resistance to heat stress and physiological processes. The full-length open-reading frame (ORF) of CaChiVI2 (606-bp, encoding 201-amino acids), was cloned into TRV2:CaChiVI2 vector for silencing. The CaChiVI2 gene carries heat shock elements (HSE, AAAAAATTTC) in the upstream region, and thereby shows sensitivity to heat stress at the transcriptional level. The silencing effect of CaChiVI2 in pepper resulted in increased susceptibility to heat and Phytophthora capsici infection. This was evident from the severe symptoms on leaves, the increase in superoxide (O2 -) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, higher malondialdehyde (MDA), relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and lower proline contents compared with control plants. Furthermore, the transcript level of other resistance responsive genes was also altered. In addition, the CaChiIV2-overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana showed mild heat and drought stress symptoms and increased transcript level of a defense-related gene (AtHSA32), indicating its role in the co-regulation network of the plant. The CaChiVI2-overexpressed plants also showed a decrease in MDA contents and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity and proline accumulation. In conclusion, the results suggest that CaChiVI2 gene plays a decisive role in heat and drought stress tolerance, as well as, provides resistance against P. capsici by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulating the expression of defense-related genes. The outcomes obtained here suggest that further studies should be conducted on plants adaptation mechanisms in variable environments.

Project description:BackgroundPhytophthora root rot, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is a major disease affecting Capsicum production worldwide. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the hybridization between 'Criollo de Morellos-334' (CM-334), a resistant landrace from Mexico, and 'Early Jalapeno', a susceptible cultivar was genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)-derived single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A GBS-SNP based genetic linkage map for the RIL population was constructed. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping dissected the genetic architecture of P. capsici resistance and candidate genes linked to resistance for this important disease were identified.ResultsDevelopment of a genetic linkage map using 1,973 GBS-derived polymorphic SNP markers identified 12 linkage groups corresponding to the 12 chromosomes of chile pepper, with a total length of 1,277.7 cM and a marker density of 1.5 SNP/cM. The maximum gaps between consecutive SNP markers ranged between 1.9 (LG7) and 13.5 cM (LG5). Collinearity between genetic and physical positions of markers reached a maximum of 0.92 for LG8. QTL mapping identified genomic regions associated with P. capsici resistance in chromosomes P5, P8, and P9 that explained between 19.7 and 30.4% of phenotypic variation for resistance. Additive interactions between QTL in chromosomes P5 and P8 were observed. The role of chromosome P5 as major genomic region containing P. capsici resistance QTL was established. Through candidate gene analysis, biological functions associated with response to pathogen infections, regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation were identified.ConclusionsResults support the genetic complexity of the P. capsici-Capsicum pathosystem and the possible role of epigenetics in conferring resistance to Phytophthora root rot. Significant genomic regions and candidate genes associated with disease response and gene regulatory activity were identified which allows for a deeper understanding of the genomic landscape of Phytophthora root rot resistance in chile pepper.

Dataset Information

Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) Instigate Plant Growth and Induce Disease Resistance in Capsicum annuum L. upon Infection with Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler & Bisby.

Publications

Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) Instigate Plant Growth and Induce Disease Resistance in <i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. upon Infection with <i>Colletotrichum capsici</i> (Syd.) Butler & Bisby.

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