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Obesity of Sows at Late Pregnancy Aggravates Metabolic Disorder of Perinatal Sows and Affects Performance and Intestinal Health of Piglets.

ABSTRACT: This study explored the effect of obesity of sows in late pregnancy on metabolic status of perinatal sows and performance, intestinal health, and immune system of offspring piglets. Sixty multiparous Landrance × Large White sows were selected in this study. Sows were divided into two groups according to backfat thickness (normal backfat thickness group, =17 mm; excessive backfat thickness group, ?21 mm) at days 109 of gestation. The excessive backfat thickness of sows during late pregnancy decreased the total number and litter weight of piglets born alive. Compared with normal backfat thickness sows, the excessive backfat thickness sows had increased levels of plasma glucose, IL-6, and TNF-? and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance values. The excessive backfat thickness also reduced total superoxide dismutase but increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in plasma of perinatal sows. Additionally, the fecal levels of TNF-? were increased but those of IL-10 were decreased in piglets from excessive backfat thickness sow. These findings indicate that the obesity of sows during late pregnancy aggravates the metabolic disorder of perinatal sows, reduces the number of piglets born alive, and adversely affects the intestinal health of sows and their offspring piglets.

SUBMITTER: Cheng C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7023453 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Obesity of Sows at Late Pregnancy Aggravates Metabolic Disorder of Perinatal Sows and Affects Performance and Intestinal Health of Piglets.

Cheng Chuanshang C Wu Xiaoyu X Zhang Xiaofeng X Zhang Xiu X Peng Jian J

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20191225 1

This study explored the effect of obesity of sows in late pregnancy on metabolic status of perinatal sows and performance, intestinal health, and immune system of offspring piglets. Sixty multiparous Landrance × Large White sows were selected in this study. Sows were divided into two groups according to backfat thickness (normal backfat thickness group, =17 mm; excessive backfat thickness group, ≥21 mm) at days 109 of gestation. The excessive backfat thickness of sows during late pregnancy decre ...[more]

PMID: 31881697

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Project description:Background:Heat stress (HS) jeopardizes intestinal barrier functions and augments intestinal permeability in pigs. However, whether HS-induced maternal microbial and metabolic changes in primiparous sows during late gestation remains elusive. We present here, a study investigating the fecal microbial and metabolic responses in late gestational primiparous sows when exposed to HS. Methods:Twelve first-parity Landrace × Large White F1 sows were randomly assigned into two environmental treatments including the thermoneutral (TN) (18-22?°C; n?=?6) and HS (28-32?°C; n?=?6) conditions. Both treatments were applied from 85 d of gestation to farrowing. The serum and feces samples were collected on d 107 of gestation, for analyses including intestinal integrity biomarkers, high-throughput sequencing metagenomics, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and nontargeted metabolomics. Results:Our results show that HS group has higher serum Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels. The gut microbial community can be altered upon HS by using ?-diversity and taxon-based analysis. In particular, the relative abundance of genera and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to Clostridiales and Halomonas are higher in HS group, the relative abundance of genera and OTUs related to Bacteroidales and Streptococcus, however, are lower in HS group. Results of metabolic analysis reveal that HS lowers the concentrations of propionate, butyrate, total SCFA, succinate, fumarate, malate, lactate, aspartate, ethanolamine, ?-alanine and niacin, whereas that of fructose and azelaic acid are higher in HS group. These metabolites mainly affect propanoate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, ?-alanine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Additionally, correlation analysis between significant microbes and metabolites indicated that the HS-induced microbiota shift is likely the cause of changes of intestinal metabolism. Conclusions:Taken together, we reveal characteristic structural and metabolic changes in maternal gut microbiota as a result of late gestational HS, which could potentially provide the basis for further study on offspring gut microbiota and immune programming.

Project description:Dietary supplementation with yeast derivatives (YD) contributes to the health and physiology of sows and piglets, but few studies have focused on how it influences gut health and performance of sows and piglets. The goal was therefore to examine whether YD, based on brewer's yeast hydrolysate added to pregnancy diet, would affect colostrum composition, yield (CY) and gut microbiota of sows and piglets. Sows were allocated to either a control diet (n = 19) or a control diet supplemented with 2g YD/kg (n = 18) during the pregnancy. Piglets suckling belonging to the control sows (n = 114) and supplemented sows (n = 108) were also included in the study. Gut microbiota populations of sows at farrowing and piglets at one and four weeks of age were assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Colostrum samples were examined for nutritional composition and immunoglobulin (Ig) content. All piglets were individually weighed at birth and 24 hours later in order to calculate CY, and later at four weeks to calculate average daily gain (ADG). Protein, lactose and dry matter content of colostrum did not significantly differ between the two groups, while sows fed YD had higher levels of fat in their colostrum (P < 0.05). Immunoglobulin A, IgM and IgG levels in colostrum did not differ between the two groups (P >0.05). Colostrum yield was lower in the control than that in YD group (3701g vs. 4581 g; P <0.05). Although the YD supplementation did not change fecal bacteria diversity in sow, more beneficial and fermentative bacteria (Roseburia, Paraprevotella, Eubacterium) were found in the YD fed group (P <0.01) while, some opportunistic pathogens, including Proteobacteria, especially the genera Desulfovibrio, Escherichia/Shigella and Helicobacter, were suppressed. Piglets at one week of age from sows fed YD had more beneficial microbial populations with significant diversity and fewer opportunistic pathogens. Additionally, we established a Pearson's correlations between CY, colostrum components, piglet birth weight and fecal microbiota. Therefore, YD added to the sow diet during pregnancy increases colostrum availability and its energy content for neonate piglets, also promoting beneficial maternal microbial sources for neonate.

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Project description:Vitamin A (VA) is an important nutrient for weaning piglets. It plays a significant role in the normal formation, development, and maintenance of epithelial cells. Previous studies have shown that VA supplements could improve the host's intestinal barrier function. Therefore, we hypothesized that VA supplements can affect intestinal function in weaned piglets by regulating intestinal stem cells. Thirty-two 21-d-old weaned [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] piglets with an average weight of 8.34 ± 0.13 kg were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, with 1) 2 mg/kg (control), 2) 4 mg/kg, 3) 8 mg/kg, and 4) 16 mg/kg doses of VA, respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 d. Weaned piglets were given ad libitum access to food and water during the test. The ADG (linear, P = 0.020) and G:F (linear, P = 0.005) of the piglets were found to increase significantly from days 8 to 14. The Lgr5+ gene expression (P = 0.012) in the jejunum mucosa of the 16 mg/kg VA group was increased. The jejunum villus height (P = 0.027) and villi surface area (P = 0.035) were significantly increased in the 4 mg/kg VA treatment group. The crypt depth increased significantly in the 4 and 8 mg/kg VA treatment groups (quadratic, P = 0.043), and the ratios of villus height to crypt depth significantly increased in the 16 mg/kg VA group (quadratic, P = 0.015). The maltase (P = 0.032), sucrose (P = 0.041), and alkaline phosphatase activity (linear, P = 0.024) were significantly increased when further supplemented with 4 mg/kg VA. Slc2a2 mRNA abundance was significantly increased in the 2 mg/kg VA group (linear, P = 0.024). Moreover, the budding rates, buddings number per organoid, and Chromogranin A and Muc2 expression of piglet intestinal organoids were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by VA and its metabolites (retinoic acid). Compared with the control group, the expression of Spp1 and Trop2 increased. These results indicated that VA may increase the stemness of intestinal stem cell in vitro. This study suggested that VA could affect growth performance and intestinal function by regulating intestinal stem cells in the jejunum of weaned piglets.

Dataset Information

Obesity of Sows at Late Pregnancy Aggravates Metabolic Disorder of Perinatal Sows and Affects Performance and Intestinal Health of Piglets.

Publications

Obesity of Sows at Late Pregnancy Aggravates Metabolic Disorder of Perinatal Sows and Affects Performance and Intestinal Health of Piglets.

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