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The hornwort genome and early land plant evolution.

ABSTRACT: Hornworts, liverworts and mosses are three early diverging clades of land plants, and together comprise the bryophytes. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the hornwort Anthoceros angustus. Phylogenomic inferences confirm the monophyly of bryophytes, with hornworts sister to liverworts and mosses. The simple morphology of hornworts correlates with low genetic redundancy in plant body plan, while the basic transcriptional regulation toolkit for plant development has already been established in this early land plant lineage. Although the Anthoceros genome is small and characterized by minimal redundancy, expansions are observed in gene families related to RNA editing, UV protection and desiccation tolerance. The genome of A. angustus bears the signatures of horizontally transferred genes from bacteria and fungi, in particular of genes operating in stress-response and metabolic pathways. Our study provides insight into the unique features of hornworts and their molecular adaptations to live on land.

SUBMITTER: Zhang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7027989 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The hornwort genome and early land plant evolution.

Zhang Jian J Fu Xin-Xing XX Li Rui-Qi RQ Zhao Xiang X Liu Yang Y Li Ming-He MH Zwaenepoel Arthur A Ma Hong H Goffinet Bernard B Guan Yan-Long YL Xue Jia-Yu JY Liao Yi-Ying YY Wang Qing-Feng QF Wang Qing-Hua QH Wang Jie-Yu JY Zhang Guo-Qiang GQ Wang Zhi-Wen ZW Jia Yu Y Wang Mei-Zhi MZ Dong Shan-Shan SS Yang Jian-Fen JF Jiao Yuan-Nian YN Guo Ya-Long YL Kong Hong-Zhi HZ Lu An-Ming AM Yang Huan-Ming HM Zhang Shou-Zhou SZ Van de Peer Yves Y Liu Zhong-Jian ZJ Chen Zhi-Duan ZD

Nature plants 20200210 2

Hornworts, liverworts and mosses are three early diverging clades of land plants, and together comprise the bryophytes. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the hornwort Anthoceros angustus. Phylogenomic inferences confirm the monophyly of bryophytes, with hornworts sister to liverworts and mosses. The simple morphology of hornworts correlates with low genetic redundancy in plant body plan, while the basic transcriptional regulation toolkit for plant development has already been establis ...[more]

PMID: 32042158

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Despite considerable progress in our understanding of land plant phylogeny, several nodes in the green tree of life remain poorly resolved. Furthermore, the bulk of currently available data come from only a subset of major land plant clades. Here we examine early land plant evolution using complete plastome sequences including two previously unexamined and phylogenetically critical lineages. To better understand the evolution of land plants and their plastomes, we examined aligned nucleotide sequences, indels, gene and nucleotide composition, inversions, and gene order at the boundaries of the inverted repeats. RESULTS:We present the plastome sequences of Equisetum arvense, a horsetail, and of Isoetes flaccida, a heterosporous lycophyte. Phylogenetic analysis of aligned nucleotides from 49 plastome genes from 43 taxa supported monophyly for the following clades: embryophytes (land plants), lycophytes, monilophytes (leptosporangiate ferns + Angiopteris evecta + Psilotum nudum + Equisetum arvense), and seed plants. Resolution among the four monilophyte lineages remained moderate, although nucleotide analyses suggested that P. nudum and E. arvense form a clade sister to A. evecta + leptosporangiate ferns. Results from phylogenetic analyses of nucleotides were consistent with the distribution of plastome gene rearrangements and with analysis of sequence gaps resulting from insertions and deletions (indels). We found one new indel and an inversion of a block of genes that unites the monilophytes. CONCLUSIONS:Monophyly of monilophytes has been disputed on the basis of morphological and fossil evidence. In the context of a broad sampling of land plant data we find several new pieces of evidence for monilophyte monophyly. Results from this study demonstrate resolution among the four monilophytes lineages, albeit with moderate support; we posit a clade consisting of Equisetaceae and Psilotaceae that is sister to the "true ferns," including Marattiaceae.

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The hornwort genome and early land plant evolution.

Publications

The hornwort genome and early land plant evolution.

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