Dataset Information

The uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and glacial oscillations triggered the diversification of Tetraogallus (Galliformes, Phasianidae).

ABSTRACT: The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) plays an important role in avian diversification. To reveal the relationship between the QTP uplift and avian diversification since the Late Cenozoic, here, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationship and biogeographical pattern of the genus Tetraogallus (Galliformes, Phasianidae) and the probable factors of speciation in the period of the QTP uplift inferred from concatenated data of four nuclear and five mitochondrial genes using the method of the Bayesian inference. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that T. himalayensis had a close relationship with T. altaicus and conflicted with the previous taxonomy of dark-bellied and white-bellied groups. The molecular clock showed that the speciation of Tetraogallus was profoundly affected by the uplift of the QTP and glacial oscillations. Biogeographic analysis suggested that the extant snowcocks originated from the QTP, and the QTP uplift and glacial oscillations triggered the diversification of Tetraogallus ancestor. Specifically, the uplift of the mountain provided a prerequisite for the colonization of snowcocks Tetraogallus as a result of the collision between the Indian and the Arab plates and the Eurasian plate, in which ecological isolation (the glacial and interglacial periods alternate) and geographical barrier had accelerated the Tetraogallus diversification process. Interestingly, we discovered hybrids between T. tibetanus and T. himalayensis for the first time and suggested that T. tibetanus and T. himalayensis hybridized after a second contact during the glacial period. Here, we proposed that the hybrid offspring was the ancestor of the T. altaicus. In conclusion, the uplift of QTP and glacial oscillations triggered the snowcocks colonization, and then, isolation and introgression hybridization promoted diversification.

SUBMITTER: Ding L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7029067 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and glacial oscillations triggered the diversification of <i>Tetraogallus</i> (Galliformes, Phasianidae).

Ding Li L Liao Jicheng J Liu Naifa N

Ecology and evolution 20200122 3

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) plays an important role in avian diversification. To reveal the relationship between the QTP uplift and avian diversification since the Late Cenozoic, here, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationship and biogeographical pattern of the genus <i>Tetraogallus</i> (Galliformes, Phasianidae) and the probable factors of speciation in the period of the QTP uplift inferred from concatenated data of four nuclear and five mitochondrial genes using the method of the Bayesian ...[more]

PMID: 32076546

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Project description:Aim:The evolutionary process of an organism provides valuable data toward an understanding of the Earth evolution history. To investigate the relationship between the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and mammalian evolution since the late Cenozoic, the geographic distribution of genetic variations in the Tibetan hamster Cricetulus kamensis was investigated using phylogeographical methods. In particular, population divergence, demographic history, genetic variation, and the prediction of species distribution area were investigated. Location:The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods:A total of 53 specimens, representing 13 geographic populations, were collected from the QTP. The phylogeographical pattern and demographic history of C. kamensis were analyzed, and the probable factors in the QTP uplift and the Quaternary glacial periods were inferred from one nuclear and four mitochondrial genes. Furthermore, the species distribution model (SDM) was used to predict changes in potentially suitable habitats since the last Interglacial. Results:Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that two major genetic differentiations of the C. kamensis population occurred during the Early Pleistocene that were influenced by the Qing-Zang tectonic movement from the Middle Pliocene to the Early Pleistocene. Genetic distance between two major clades indicated low genetic divergence. Demographic history analysis showed that the C. kamensis population was affected by the Quaternary glacial period. SDM analysis indicated that C. kamensis was endemic to the QTP and the suitable habitat was affected by climate change, especially during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Main conclusion:Our results indicated that the QTP uplift led to the population divergence of C. kamensis, and vicariance well accounted for the geographic distribution of genetic variation in C. kamensis as a result of genetic divergence and lack of gene flow. The genetic distance shows that C. alticola may be a subspecies of C. kamensis. Demographic history analysis suggests that the QTP was affected by the last glacial period. SDM analysis supports that almost the entire QTP is covered by a huge ice sheet during the LGM.

Project description:BackgroundMolecular adaptation to the severe environments present during the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has attracted the attention of researchers. The divergence of the three specialization groups of schizothoracins (Primitive, Specialized and Highly Specialized) may correspond to the three phases of plateau uplift. Based on the transcripts of representative species of the three specialized groups and an outgroup, genes in schizothoracins that may have played important roles during the adaptation to new environments were investigated.ResultsThe contigs of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii and Schizothorax pseudaksaiensis were compared with those of Gymnocypris przewalskii ganzihonensis and the outgroup Sinocyclocheilus angustiporus, and 5,894 ortholog groups with an alignment length longer than 90 nt after deleting gaps were retained. Evolutionary analyses indicated that the average evolutionary rate of the branch leading to the Specialized group was faster than that of the branch leading to the Highly Specialized group. Moreover, the numbers of gene categories in which more than half of the genes evolved faster than the average values of the genome were 117 and 15 along the branches leading to the Specialized and Highly Specialized groups, respectively. A total of 40, 36, and 55 genes were likely subject to positive selection along the branches leading to the Primitive, Specialized and Highly Specialized groups, respectively, and many of these genes are likely relevant to adaptation to the cold temperatures, low oxygen concentrations, and strong ultraviolet radiation that result from elevation.ConclusionsBy selecting representative species of the three groups of schizothoracins and applying next-generation sequencing technology, several candidate genes corresponding to adaptation to the three phases of plateau uplift were identified. Some of the genes identified in this report that were likely subject to positive selection are good candidates for subsequent evolutionary and functional analyses of adaptation to high altitude.

Project description:BackgroundThe historical orogenesis and associated climatic changes of mountain areas have been suggested to partly account for the occurrence of high levels of biodiversity and endemism. However, their effects on dispersal, differentiation and evolution of many groups of plants are still unknown. In this study, we examined the detailed diversification history of Primula sect. Armerina, and used biogeographic analysis and macro-evolutionary modeling to investigate a series of different questions concerning the evolution of the geographical and ecological distribution of the species in this section.ResultsWe sequenced five chloroplast and one nuclear genes for species of Primula sect. Armerina. Neither chloroplast nor nuclear trees support the monophyly of the section. The major incongruences between the two trees occur among closely related species and may be explained by hybridization. Our dating analyses based on the chloroplast dataset suggest that this section began to diverge from its relatives around 3.55 million years ago, largely coinciding with the last major uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Biogeographic analysis supports the origin of the section in the Himalayan Mountains and dispersal from the Himalayas to Northeastern QTP, Western QTP and Hengduan Mountains. Furthermore, evolutionary models of ecological niches show that the two P. fasciculata clades have significantly different climatic niche optima and rates of niche evolution, indicating niche evolution under climatic changes and further providing evidence for explaining their biogeographic patterns.ConclusionOur results support the hypothesis that geologic and climatic events play important roles in driving biological diversification of organisms in the QTP area. The Pliocene uplift of the QTP and following climatic changes most likely promoted both the inter- and intraspecific divergence of Primula sect. Armerina. This study also illustrates how niche evolution under climatic changes influences biogeographic patterns.

Dataset Information

The uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and glacial oscillations triggered the diversification of Tetraogallus (Galliformes, Phasianidae).

Publications

The uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and glacial oscillations triggered the diversification of <i>Tetraogallus</i> (Galliformes, Phasianidae).

Similar Datasets

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