Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

8 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Systematic metadata analysis of brown rot fungi gene expression data reveals the genes involved in Fenton's reaction and wood decay process.

ABSTRACT: Brown-rot fungi are rapid holocellulose degraders and are the most predominant degraders of coniferous wood products in North America. Brown-rot fungi degrades wood by both enzymatic (plant biomass degrading carbohydrate active enzymes-CAZymes) and non-enzymatic systems (Fenton's reaction) mechanisms. Identifying the genes and molecular mechanisms involved in Fenton's reaction would significantly improve our understanding about brown-rot decay. Our present study identifies the common gene expression patterns involved in brown rot decay by performing metadata analysis of fungal transcriptome datasets. We have also analyzed and compared the genome-wide annotations (InterPro and CAZymes) of the selected brown rot fungi. Genes encoding for various oxidoreductases, iron homeostasis, and metabolic enzymes involved in Fenton's mechanism were found to be significantly expressed among all the brown-rot fungal datasets. Interestingly, a higher number of hemicellulases encoding genes were differentially expressed among all the datasets, while a fewer number of cellulases and peroxidases were expressed (especially haem peroxidase and chloroperoxidase). Apart from these lignocellulose degrading enzymes genes encoding for aldo/keto reductases, 2-nitro dioxygenase, aromatic-ring dioxygenase, dienelactone hydrolase, alcohol dehydrogenase, major facilitator superfamily, cytochrome-P450 monoxygenase, cytochrome b5, and short-chain dehydrogenase were common and differentially up regulated among all the analyzed brown-rot fungal datasets.

SUBMITTER: Sista Kameshwar AK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7033688 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

Extensive sampling of basidiomycete genomes demonstrates inadequacy of the white-rot/brown-rot paradigm for wood decay fungi.

Project description:Basidiomycota (basidiomycetes) make up 32% of the described fungi and include most wood-decaying species, as well as pathogens and mutualistic symbionts. Wood-decaying basidiomycetes have typically been classified as either white rot or brown rot, based on the ability (in white rot only) to degrade lignin along with cellulose and hemicellulose. Prior genomic comparisons suggested that the two decay modes can be distinguished based on the presence or absence of ligninolytic class II peroxidases (PODs), as well as the abundance of enzymes acting directly on crystalline cellulose (reduced in brown rot). To assess the generality of the white-rot/brown-rot classification paradigm, we compared the genomes of 33 basidiomycetes, including four newly sequenced wood decayers, and performed phylogenetically informed principal-components analysis (PCA) of a broad range of gene families encoding plant biomass-degrading enzymes. The newly sequenced Botryobasidium botryosum and Jaapia argillacea genomes lack PODs but possess diverse enzymes acting on crystalline cellulose, and they group close to the model white-rot species Phanerochaete chrysosporium in the PCA. Furthermore, laboratory assays showed that both B. botryosum and J. argillacea can degrade all polymeric components of woody plant cell walls, a characteristic of white rot. We also found expansions in reducing polyketide synthase genes specific to the brown-rot fungi. Our results suggest a continuum rather than a dichotomy between the white-rot and brown-rot modes of wood decay. A more nuanced categorization of rot types is needed, based on an improved understanding of the genomics and biochemistry of wood decay.

| S-EPMC4103376 | biostudies-literature

Spatial Heterogeneity of SOM Concentrations Associated with White-rot Versus Brown-rot Wood Decay.

Project description:White- and brown-rot fungal decay via distinct pathways imparts characteristic molecular imprints on decomposing wood. However, the effect that a specific wood-rotting type of fungus has on proximal soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation remains unexplored. We investigated the potential influence of white- and brown-rot fungi-decayed Abies nephrolepis logs on forest SOM stocks (i.e., soil total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N)) and the concentrations of amino sugars (microbial necromass) at different depths and horizontal distances from decaying woody debris. The brown-rot fungal wood decay resulted in higher concentrations of soil C and N and a greater increase in microbial necromass (i.e., 1.3- to 1.7-fold greater) than the white-rot fungal wood decay. The white-rot sets were accompanied by significant differences in the proportions of the bacterial residue index (muramic acid%) with soil depth; however, the brown-rot-associated soils showed complementary shifts, primarily in fungal necromass, across horizontal distances. Soil C and N concentrations were significantly correlated with fungal rather than bacterial necromass in the brown-rot systems. Our findings confirmed that the brown-rot fungi-dominated degradation of lignocellulosic residues resulted in a greater SOM buildup than the white-rot fungi-dominated degradation.

| S-EPMC5653805 | biostudies-literature

Gene expression analysis of copper tolerance and wood decay in the brown rot fungus Fibroporia radiculosa.

Project description:High-throughput transcriptomics was used to identify Fibroporia radiculosa genes that were differentially regulated during colonization of wood treated with a copper-based preservative. The transcriptome was profiled at two time points while the fungus was growing on wood treated with micronized copper quat (MCQ). A total of 917 transcripts were differentially expressed. Fifty-eight of these genes were more highly expressed when the MCQ was protecting the wood from strength loss and had putative functions related to oxalate production/degradation, laccase activity, quinone biosynthesis, pectin degradation, ATP production, cytochrome P450 activity, signal transduction, and transcriptional regulation. Sixty-one genes were more highly expressed when the MCQ lost its effectiveness (>50% strength loss) and had functions related to oxalate degradation; cytochrome P450 activity; H(2)O(2) production and degradation; degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin; hexose transport; membrane glycerophospholipid metabolism; and cell wall chemistry. Ten of these differentially regulated genes were quantified by reverse transcriptase PCR for a more in-depth study (4 time points on wood with or without MCQ treatment). Our results showed that MCQ induced higher than normal levels of expression for four genes (putative annotations for isocitrate lyase, glyoxylate dehydrogenase, laccase, and oxalate decarboxylase 1), while four other genes (putative annotations for oxalate decarboxylase 2, aryl alcohol oxidase, glycoside hydrolase 5, and glycoside hydrolase 10) were repressed. The significance of these results is that we have identified several genes that appear to be coregulated, with putative functions related to copper tolerance and/or wood decay.

| S-EPMC3591939 | biostudies-literature

Localizing gene regulation reveals a staggered wood decay mechanism for the brown rot fungus Postia placenta.

Project description:Wood-degrading brown rot fungi are essential recyclers of plant biomass in forest ecosystems. Their efficient cellulolytic systems, which have potential biotechnological applications, apparently depend on a combination of two mechanisms: lignocellulose oxidation (LOX) by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and polysaccharide hydrolysis by a limited set of glycoside hydrolases (GHs). Given that ROS are strongly oxidizing and nonselective, these two steps are likely segregated. A common hypothesis has been that brown rot fungi use a concentration gradient of chelated metal ions to confine ROS generation inside wood cell walls before enzymes can infiltrate. We examined an alternative: that LOX components involved in ROS production are differentially expressed by brown rot fungi ahead of GH components. We used spatial mapping to resolve a temporal sequence in Postia placenta, sectioning thin wood wafers colonized directionally. Among sections, we measured gene expression by whole-transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-seq) and assayed relevant enzyme activities. We found a marked pattern of LOX up-regulation in a narrow (5-mm, 48-h) zone at the hyphal front, which included many genes likely involved in ROS generation. Up-regulation of GH5 endoglucanases and many other GHs clearly occurred later, behind the hyphal front, with the notable exceptions of two likely expansins and a GH28 pectinase. Our results support a staggered mechanism for brown rot that is controlled by differential expression rather than microenvironmental gradients. This mechanism likely results in an oxidative pretreatment of lignocellulose, possibly facilitated by expansin- and pectinase-assisted cell wall swelling, before cellulases and hemicellulases are deployed for polysaccharide depolymerization.

| S-EPMC5047196 | biostudies-literature

Evolution of substrate-specific gene expression and RNA editing in brown rot wood-decaying fungi.

Project description:Fungi that decay wood have characteristic associations with certain tree species, but the mechanistic bases for these associations are poorly understood. We studied substrate-specific gene expression and RNA editing in six species of wood-decaying fungi from the 'Antrodia clade' (Polyporales, Agaricomycetes) on three different wood substrates (pine, spruce, and aspen) in submerged cultures. We identified dozens to hundreds of substrate-biased genes (i.e., genes that are significantly upregulated in one substrate relative to the other two substrates) in each species, and these biased genes are correlated with their host ranges. Evolution of substrate-biased genes is associated with gene family expansion, gain and loss of genes, and variation in cis- and trans- regulatory elements, rather than changes in protein coding sequences. We also demonstrated widespread RNA editing events in the Antrodia clade, which differ from those observed in the Ascomycota in their distribution, substitution types, and the genomic environment. Moreover, we found that substrates could affect editing positions and frequency, including editing events occurring in mRNA transcribed from wood-decay-related genes. This work shows the extent to which gene expression and RNA editing differ among species and substrates, and provides clues into mechanisms by which wood-decaying fungi may adapt to different hosts.

| S-EPMC6776062 | biostudies-literature

Capturing early gene expression dynamics during wood decay by brown rot fungus Rhodonia placenta

Project description:Brown rot fungi dominate wood decomposition in coniferous forests, and their carbohydrate-selective mechanisms are of commercial interest. Brown rot was recently described as a two-step, sequential mechanism orchestrated by fungi using differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and consisting of oxidation via reactive oxygen species (ROS) followed by enzymatic saccharification. There have been indications, however, that the initial oxidation step, itself, might require induction. To capture this early gene regulation event, here we integrated fine-scale cryo-sectioning with whole transcriptome sequencing to dissect gene expression at the single hyphal cell scale (tens of μm). We improved spatial resolution 50x, relative to previous work, and we were able to capture the activity of the first 100 μm of hyphal front growth by Rhodonia placenta in aspen wood. By comparing the first 100-μm section with a 100-μm from a later decay stage, it was clear that the early decay period was dominated by delayed gene expression patterns as the fungus ramped up its mechanism. These delayed DEGs included many genes implicated in ROS pathways (lignocellulose oxidation, LOX) that were previously and incorrectly assumed to be constitutively expressed. However, this delayed pattern was not universal, with a handful of genes upregulated immediately at the hyphal front.

2022-03-01 | GSE193915 | GEO

Characteristics of Gloeophyllum trabeum alcohol oxidase, an extracellular source of H2O2 in brown rot decay of wood.

Project description:A novel alcohol oxidase (AOX) has been purified from mycelial pellets of the wood-degrading basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum and characterized as a homooctameric nonglycosylated protein with native and subunit molecular masses of 628 and 72.4 kDa, containing noncovalently bonded flavin adenine dinucleotide. The isolated AOX cDNA contained an open reading frame of 1,953 bp translating into a polypeptide of 651 amino acids displaying 51 to 53% identity with other published fungal AOX amino acid sequences. The enzyme catalyzed the oxidation of short-chain primary aliphatic alcohols with a preference for methanol (K(m) = 2.3 mM, k(cat) = 15.6 s(-1)). Using polyclonal antibodies and immunofluorescence staining, AOX was localized on liquid culture hyphae and extracellular slime in sections from degraded wood and on cotton fibers. Transmission electron microscopy immunogold labeling localized the enzyme in the hyphal periplasmic space and wall and on extracellular tripartite membranes and slime, while there was no labeling of hyphal peroxisomes. AOX was further shown to be associated with membranous or slime structures secreted by hyphae in wood fiber lumina and within the secondary cell walls of degraded wood fibers. The differences in AOX targeting compared to the known yeast peroxisomal localization were traced to a unique C-terminal sequence of the G. trabeum oxidase, which is apparently responsible for the protein's different translocation. The extracellular distribution and the enzyme's abundance and preference for methanol, potentially available from the demethylation of lignin, all point to a possible role for AOX as a major source of H(2)O(2), a component of Fenton's reagent implicated in the generally accepted mechanisms for brown rot through the production of highly destructive hydroxyl radicals.

| S-EPMC2075019 | biostudies-literature

Transcriptomics of Temporal- versus Substrate-Specific Wood Decay in the Brown-Rot Fungus <i>Fibroporia radiculosa</i>.

Project description:Brown-rot fungi lack many enzymes associated with complete wood degradation, such as lignin-attacking peroxidases, and have developed alternative mechanisms for rapid wood breakdown. To identify the effects of culture conditions and wood substrates on gene expression, we grew Fibroporia radiculosa in submerged cultures containing Wiley milled wood (5 days) and solid wood wafers (30 days), using aspen, pine, and spruce as a substrate. The comparative analysis revealed that wood species had a limited effect on the transcriptome: <3% of genes were differentially expressed between different wood species substrates. The comparison between gene expression during growth on milled wood and wood wafer conditions, however, indicated that the genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, such as glycoside hydrolases and peptidases, were activated during growth on wood wafers, confirming previous reports. On the other hand, it was shown for the first time that the genes encoding Fenton chemistry enzymes, such as hydroquinone biosynthesis enzymes and oxidoreductases, were activated during submerged growth on ground wood. This illustrates the diversity of wood-decay reactions encoded in fungi and activated at different stages of this process.

| S-EPMC10608345 | biostudies-literature

Proteomic analysis of brown rot wood decay fungus Fomitopsis pinicola grown on wood substrate

Project description:The brown rot wood decay fungus, Fomitopsis pinicola strain FP-58527, was cultivated for five dayes in media containing ground Populus tremuloides, Pinus taeda or Picea glauca wood as sole carbon source. Extracellular proteomic component was extracted and analyzed by LC-MS/MS.

| MSV000084351 | MassIVE

Transcriptomic analysis of copper tolerance and wood decay in the brown rot fungus Fibroporia radiculosa

Project description:Many brown rot fungi are capable of rapidly degrading wood and are copper-tolerant. To better understand the genes that control these processes, we examined gene expression of Fibroporia radiculosa growing on wood treated with a copper-based preservative that combined copper carbonate with dimethyldidecylammonium carbonate. A global profiling strategy called RNA-Seq was used to quantify gene expression of the fungus at days 31 and 154. At day 31, the preservative was still protecting the wood, which showed no strength loss. At day 154, the effects of the preservative were gone, and the wood exhibited 52% strength loss. Statistical analysis identified 917 genes that were differentially expressed (FDR < 1E-4). Transcripts that showed higher expression levels at the early time point were controlling increased oxalate metabolism, laccase for hydroquinone-driven hydroxyl free radical production, pectin degradation, ATP production, xenobiotic detoxification, copper resistance, and stress response. Transcripts that showed higher expression levels at the late time point were involved in degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, hexose transport, oxalate catabolism, catabolism of laccase substrates, extracellular proton reduction, and remodeling of the fungal cell membrane and cell wall to enhance survival at low pH.

2012-11-26 | GSE35333 | GEO

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data