Dataset Information

Short-term flooding increases CH4 and N2O emissions from trees in a riparian forest soil-stem continuum.

ABSTRACT: One of the characteristics of global climate change is the increase in extreme climate events, e.g., droughts and floods. Forest adaptation strategies to extreme climate events are the key to predict ecosystem responses to global change. Severe floods alter the hydrological regime of an ecosystem which influences biochemical processes that control greenhouse gas fluxes. We conducted a flooding experiment in a mature grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench) forest to understand flux dynamics in the soil-tree-atmosphere continuum related to ecosystem N2O and CH4 turn-over. The gas exchange was determined at adjacent soil-tree-pairs: stem fluxes were measured in vertical profiles using manual static chambers and gas chromatography; soil fluxes were measured with automated chambers connected to a gas analyser. The tree stems and soil surface were net sources of N2O and CH4 during the flooding. Contrary to N2O, the increase in CH4 fluxes delayed in response to flooding. Stem N2O fluxes were lower although stem CH4 emissions were significantly higher than from soil after the flooding. Stem fluxes decreased with stem height. Our flooding experiment indicated soil water and nitrogen content as the main controlling factors of stem and soil N2O fluxes. The stems contributed up to 88% of CH4 emissions to the stem-soil continuum during the investigated period but soil N2O fluxes dominated (up to 16 times the stem fluxes) during all periods. Conclusively, stem fluxes of CH4 and N2O are essential elements in forest carbon and nitrogen cycles and must be included in relevant models.

SUBMITTER: Schindler T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7035275 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Short-term flooding increases CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from trees in a riparian forest soil-stem continuum.

Schindler Thomas T Mander Ülo Ü Machacova Katerina K Espenberg Mikk M Krasnov Dmitrii D Escuer-Gatius Jordi J Veber Gert G Pärn Jaan J Soosaar Kaido K

Scientific reports 20200221 1

One of the characteristics of global climate change is the increase in extreme climate events, e.g., droughts and floods. Forest adaptation strategies to extreme climate events are the key to predict ecosystem responses to global change. Severe floods alter the hydrological regime of an ecosystem which influences biochemical processes that control greenhouse gas fluxes. We conducted a flooding experiment in a mature grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench) forest to understand flux dynamics in the ...[more]

PMID: 32081925

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Project description:Mauritia flexuosa palm swamp, the prevailing Peruvian Amazon peatland ecosystem, is extensively threatened by degradation. The unsustainable practice of cutting whole palms for fruit extraction modifies forest's structure and composition and eventually alters peat-derived greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We evaluated the spatiotemporal variability of soil N2 O and CH4 fluxes and environmental controls along a palm swamp degradation gradient formed by one undegraded site (Intact), one moderately degraded site (mDeg) and one heavily degraded site (hDeg). Microscale variability differentiated hummocks supporting live or cut palms from surrounding hollows. Macroscale analysis considered structural changes in vegetation and soil microtopography as impacted by degradation. Variables were monitored monthly over 3 years to evaluate intra- and inter-annual variability. Degradation induced microscale changes in N2 O and CH4 emission trends and controls. Site-scale average annual CH4 emissions were similar along the degradation gradient (225.6 ± 50.7, 160.5 ± 65.9 and 169.4 ± 20.7 kg C ha-1 year-1 at the Intact, mDeg and hDeg sites, respectively). Site-scale average annual N2 O emissions (kg N ha-1 year-1 ) were lower at the mDeg site (0.5 ± 0.1) than at the Intact (1.3 ± 0.6) and hDeg sites (1.1 ± 0.4), but the difference seemed linked to heterogeneous fluctuations in soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) along the forest complex rather than to degradation. Monthly and annual emissions were mainly controlled by variations in WFPS, water table level (WT) and net nitrification for N2 O; WT, air temperature and net nitrification for CH4 . Site-scale N2 O emissions remained steady over years, whereas CH4 emissions rose exponentially with increased precipitation. While the minor impact of degradation on palm swamp peatland N2 O and CH4 fluxes should be tested elsewhere, the evidenced large and variable CH4 emissions and significant N2 O emissions call for improved modeling of GHG dynamics in tropical peatlands to test their response to climate changes.

Dataset Information

Short-term flooding increases CH4 and N2O emissions from trees in a riparian forest soil-stem continuum.

Publications

Short-term flooding increases CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from trees in a riparian forest soil-stem continuum.

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