Dataset Information

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Different Response to Toxic Stress in Rootstock Grafted and Non-Grafted Cucumber Seedlings.

ABSTRACT: Autotoxicity of root exudates is one of the main reasons for consecutive monoculture problem (CMP) in cucumber under greenhouse cultivation. Rootstock grafting may improve the tolerance of cucumber plants to autotoxic stress. To verify the enhanced tolerance to autotoxic stress and illuminate relevant molecular mechanism, a transcriptomic comparative analysis was performed between rootstock grafted (RG) and non-grafted (NG) cucumber plants by a simulation of exogenous cinnamic acid (CA). The present study confirmed that relatively stable plant growth, biomass accumulation, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis was observed in RG than NG under CA stress. We identified 3647 and 2691 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NG and RG cucumber plants when compared to respective control, and gene expression patterns of RNA-seq was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Functional annotations revealed that DEGs response to CA stress were enriched in pathways of plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, phenylalanine metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction. Interestingly, the significantly enriched pathway of photosynthesis-related, carbon and nitrogen metabolism only identified in NG, and most of DEGs were down-regulated. However, most of photosynthesis, Calvin cycle, glycolysis, TCA cycle, and nitrogen metabolism-related DEGs exhibited not or slightly down-regulated in RG. In addition, several stress-related transcription factor families of AP2/ERF, bHLH, bZIP, MYB. and NAC were uniquely triggered in the grafted cucumbers. Overall, the results of this study suggest that rootstock grafting improve the tolerance of cucumber plants to autotoxic stress by mediating down-regulation of photosynthesis, carbon, and nitrogen metabolism-related DEGs and activating the function of stress-related transcription factor. The transcriptome dataset provides an extensive sequence resource for further studies of autotoxic mechanism at molecular level.

SUBMITTER: Xiao X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7037640 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Different Response to Toxic Stress in Rootstock Grafted and Non-Grafted Cucumber Seedlings.

Xiao Xuemei X Lv Jian J Xie Jianming J Feng Zhi Z Ma Ning N Li Ju J Yu Jihua J Calderón-Urrea Alejandro A

International journal of molecular sciences 20200124 3

Autotoxicity of root exudates is one of the main reasons for consecutive monoculture problem (CMP) in cucumber under greenhouse cultivation. Rootstock grafting may improve the tolerance of cucumber plants to autotoxic stress. To verify the enhanced tolerance to autotoxic stress and illuminate relevant molecular mechanism, a transcriptomic comparative analysis was performed between rootstock grafted (RG) and non-grafted (NG) cucumber plants by a simulation of exogenous cinnamic acid (CA). The pre ...[more]

PMID: 31991638

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Project description:Various biotic and abiotic stresses threaten the cultivation of future agricultural crops. Among these stresses, heat stress is a major abiotic stress that substantially reduces agricultural productivity. Many strategies to enhance heat stress tolerance of crops have been developed, among which is grafting. Here, we show that Momordica-grafted cucumber scions have intrinsically enhanced chlorophyll content, leaf area, and net photosynthetic rate under heat stress compared to plants grafted onto cucumber rootstock. To investigate the mechanisms by which Momordica rootstock enhanced cucumber scions heat stress tolerance, comparative proteomic analysis of cucumber leaves in response to rootstock-grafting and/or heat stress was conducted. Seventy-seven differentially accumulated proteins involved in diverse biological processes were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) in conjunction with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). The following four main categories of proteins were involved: photosynthesis (42.8%), energy and metabolism (18.2%), defense response (14.3%), and protein and nucleic acid biosynthesis (11.7%). Proteomic analysis revealed that scions grafted onto Momordica rootstocks upregulated more proteins involved in photosynthesis compared to scions grafted onto cucumber rootstocks under heat stress and indicated enhanced photosynthetic capacity when seedlings were exposed to heat stress. Furthermore, the expression of photosynthesis-related genes in plants grafted onto Momordica rootstocks significantly increased in response to heat stress. In addition, increased high-temperature tolerance of plants grafted onto Momordica rootstock was associated with the accumulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1 (OEE1). Taken together, the data indicated that Momordica rootstock might alleviate growth inhibition caused by heat stress by improving photosynthesis, providing valuable insight into enhancing heat stress tolerance in the global warming epoch.

Project description:Salicylic acid (SA) has been proven to be a multifunctional signaling molecule that participates in the response of plants to abiotic stresses. In this study, we used cold-sensitive cucumber and cold-tolerant pumpkin as experimental materials to examine the roles of SA in root-shoot communication responses to aerial or/and root-zone chilling stress in own-root and hetero-root grafted cucumber and pumpkin plants. The results showed that pumpkin (Cm) rootstock enhanced the chilling tolerance of grafted cucumber, as evidenced by the observed lower levels of electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and higher photosynthetic rate (Pn) and gene expression of Rubisco activase (RCA). However, cucumber (Cs) rootstock decreased the chilling tolerance of grafted pumpkins. Cs/Cm plants showed an increase in the mRNA expression of C-repeat-binding factor (CBF1), an inducer of CBF expression (ICE1), and cold-responsive (COR47) genes and CBF1 protein levels in leaves under 5/25 and 5/5°C stresses, or in roots under 25/5 and 5/5°C stresses, respectively, compared with the Cs/Cs. Chilling stress increased the endogenous SA content and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and the increase in SA content and activity of PAL in Cs/Cm plants was much higher than in Cs/Cs plants. Transcription profiling analysis revealed the key genes of SA biosynthesis, PAL, ICS, and SABP2 were upregulated, while SAMT, the key gene of SA degradation, was downregulated in Cs/Cm leaves, compared with Cs/Cs leaves under chilling stress. The accumulation of SA in the Cs/Cm leaves was mainly attributed to an increase in SA biosynthesis in leaves and that in transport from roots under aerial and root-zone chilling stress, respectively. In addition, exogenous SA significantly upregulated the expression level of cold-responsive (COR) genes, enhanced actual photochemical efficiency (Φ PSII), maximum photochemical efficiency (F v/F m), and Pn, while decreased EL, MDA, and CI in grafted cucumber. These results suggest that SA is involved in rootstock-scion communication and grafting-induced chilling tolerance by upregulating the expression of COR genes in cucumber plants under chilling stress.

Project description:Grafting with pumpkin rootstock is commonly used not only to improve the quality of cucumber fruits but also to confer biotic or abiotic stress tolerance. However, the molecular mechanism of grafted cucumbers to drought stress and the possible roles of mobile mRNAs to improve stress tolerance have remained obscure. Hence, we conducted transcriptome sequencing and combined it with morpho-physiological experiments to compare the response of homografts (cucumber as scion and rootstock) (C) and heterografts (cucumber as scion and pumpkin as rootstock) (P) to drought stress. After applying drought stress, homografts and heterografts expressed 2960 and 3088 genes in response to drought stress, respectively. The identified DEGs in heterografts under drought stress were categorized into different stress-responsive groups, such as carbohydrate metabolism (involved in osmotic adjustment by sugar accumulation), lipid and cell wall metabolism (involved in cell membrane integrity by a reduction in lipid peroxidation), redox homeostasis (increased antioxidant enzymes activities), phytohormone (increased ABA content), protein kinases and transcription factors (TFs) using MapMan software. Earlier and greater H2O2 accumulation in xylem below the graft union was accompanied by leaf ABA accumulation in heterografts in response to drought stress. Greater leaf ABA helped heterografted cucumbers to sense and respond to drought stress earlier than homografts. The timely response of heterografts to drought stress led to maintain higher water content in the leaves even in the late stage of drought stress. The identified mobile mRNAs (mb-mRNAs) in heterografts were mostly related to photosynthesis which would be the possible reason for improved chlorophyll content and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm). The existence of some stress-responsive pumpkin (rootstock) mRNAs in cucumber (scion), such as heat shock protein (HSP70, a well-known stress-responsive gene), led to the higher proline accumulation than homografts. The expression of the mobile and immobile stress-responsive mRNAs and timely response of heterografts to drought stress could improve drought tolerance in pumpkin-rooted plants.

Dataset Information

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Different Response to Toxic Stress in Rootstock Grafted and Non-Grafted Cucumber Seedlings.

Publications

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Different Response to Toxic Stress in Rootstock Grafted and Non-Grafted Cucumber Seedlings.

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