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Under-five malnutrition in a South-Eastern Nigeria metropolitan city.

ABSTRACT: Background:Malnutrition (under and overnutrition) presents significant threats to child health. The co-existence of under and overnutrition in a population is increasingly being described in the literature. Objective:To identify the prevalence of malnutrition among under-five children in Enugu metropolis. Methods:A cross-sectional study of pre-primary school children conducted from January to May 2016. using stratified sampling technique. Caregiver-administered questionnaire was used to obtain relevant information. Weights and heights were measured using a standard weight scale and stadiometer/ length mat respectively. Wasting, stunting, overweight and obesity were determined based on the recommended WHO Growth Standard. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 20.0. The associations between nutritional status on one hand, and categorical variables such as age grouping, sex, socio-economic status, and maternal education were determined using chi square. P-value < 0.05 were reported as statistically significant. Results:Eighteen (2.4%) and 26 (3.5%) subjects were wasted and stunted respectively. Eleven (1.5%) subjects were overweight while another 11(1.5%) subjects were obese. Risk factors for undernutrition were maternal education and low socioeconomic class while risk factor for overnutrition was upper socioeconomic class.. Conclusion:There is a low rate of malnutrition in the area of study. However, sustained efforts must continue to prevent further rise and possibly eliminate the scourge of malnutrition.

SUBMITTER: Jude CK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7040336 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Under-five malnutrition in a South-Eastern Nigeria metropolitan city.

Jude Chukwuemeka Kenechukwu CK Chukwunedum Agozie Ubesie AU Egbuna Kunle Obidike KO

African health sciences 20191201 4

<h4>Background</h4>Malnutrition (under and overnutrition) presents significant threats to child health. The co-existence of under and overnutrition in a population is increasingly being described in the literature.<h4>Objective</h4>To identify the prevalence of malnutrition among under-five children in Enugu metropolis.<h4>Methods</h4>A cross-sectional study of pre-primary school children conducted from January to May 2016. using stratified sampling technique. Caregiver-administered questionnair ...[more]

PMID: 32127883

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Project description:BackgroundSevere acute malnutrition (SAM) affects about 13 million under-five children (U5), with an estimated one million dying every year. In this study we aimed at determining the in hospital mortality and its associated factors among U5s admitted with SAM.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of children 6 months to 5 years with SAM admitted at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) between June and August 2015. Care-takers were interviewed to collect socio-demographic and clinical information. Children under-went physical examination and had blood drawn for HIV, serum glucose, malaria, full blood count, culture and serum electrolytes investigation. Children were managed according to WHO treatment guidelines for SAM. All participants were followed up for a maximum period of 30 days. The proportion of U5 deaths within the first 48 hours and during the entire admission period was calculated. Using Poisson regression analysis, predictors of in-hospital mortality were analyzed with STATA/IC 11.0.ResultsWe enrolled 122 children, median age of 15 months [IQR:11-24], 58.2% males, 90% immunized, 81% ill for more than 2 weeks before admission, 71% from lower health facilities and majority with unknown HIV status(76%). Overall, 13 (10.7%) children died in hospital. Seven (5.7%) died within the first 48 hours. Intravenous (IV) fluid administration significantly predicted in-hospital mortality (adjusted IRR: 7.2, 95%CI: 2.14-24.08, p = 0.001).ConclusionThe in-hospital mortality in U5s with SAM was lower than that previously reported in central Uganda. Intravenous fluid administration significantly predicted overall in-hospital mortality. While Administration of intravenous fluids is still the main stay of managing severely malnourished children with shock, more research needs to be conducted in order to review the parameters presently used to assess children for shock with a view of diagnosing and managing shock in these children when it is still early. Adequate guidance on use of IV fluids in management of severely malnourished children should be prioritized during continuous medical education for healthcare workers and in the treatment guidelines.

Project description:Although the sociodemographic and economic contributors to under-five mortality are well established, very little research has been done to assess the levels of disadvantage under-five children in Nigeria face along these dimensions. Nigeria has the second-highest under-five mortality rate (U5MR) in the world (111 deaths per 1000 live births) and contributed to the highest number of annual under-five deaths globally in 2020 (844,321 deaths). The country has also implemented several decades of policy interventions to reduce under-five mortality by improving sociodemographic and economic conditions at the household level. In this paper, we assess the sociodemographic and economic disadvantages that households with children under-five face compared to other households and discuss the implications for health policy. Using the Nigeria Living Standard Survey 2018-19, we conducted a bivariate analysis to compare the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of households with and without under-five children. We performed independent samples t-test and proportions test to assess whether these sociodemographic and economic factors were significantly different for both groups. We found that households with under-five children typically had larger sizes (6.6 vs. 3.6), lower mean adult age (36.5 vs. 45.3), and male household heads (91.3% vs. 71.5%) than households without under-five children. Furthermore, households with under-five children were less likely to have access to improved drinking water (77.2% vs. 86.0%) and sanitation sources (54.0% vs. 61.9%) than those without under-five children. Despite having more adult working members, 71.2% of households with under-five children lived below the poverty line compared to 37.7% of other households. Although their total consumption expenditure was lower than households without under-five children, they spent a higher proportion of their expenditure on health care and were at a higher risk of experiencing catastrophic health expenditure. Our study has shown that households with children under five are disproportionately disadvantaged than other households in Nigeria. The households with under-five children are larger, younger, and poorer than those without children. We also show a wide variation in the proportion of households with children under five by state. Any efforts to reduce under-five mortality and morbidity in Nigeria should recognize these sociodemographic and economic differences.

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Under-five malnutrition in a South-Eastern Nigeria metropolitan city.

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Under-five malnutrition in a South-Eastern Nigeria metropolitan city.

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