Dataset Information

Changes in the Solid-, Liquid-, and Epithelium-Associated Bacterial Communities in the Rumen of Hu Lambs in Response to Dietary Urea Supplementation.

ABSTRACT: The rumen bacteria in the solid, liquid, and epithelial fractions are distinct and play important roles in the degradation of urea nitrogen. However, the effects of urea on rumen bacteria from the three fractions remain unclear. In this study, 42 Hu lambs were fed a total mixed ration based on concentrate and roughage (55:45, dry matter basis) and randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets: a basal diet with no urea (UC, 0 g/kg), a basal diet supplemented with low urea levels (LU, 10 g/kg DM), and a basal diet supplemented with high urea levels (HU, 30 g/kg DM). After an 11-week feeding trial, six animals from each treatment were harvested. Rumen metabolites levels were measured, and bacteria of the rumen solid, liquid, and epithelial fractions were examined based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Under urea supplementation, the concentrations of ammonia and butyrate in the rumen increased, whereas the concentration of propionate decreased. The population of total protozoa was the highest in the LU treatment. Prevotella 1 was the most abundant genus in all samples. The unclassified Muribaculaceae, bacteria within the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, and Christensenellaceae R7 were abundant in the solid and liquid fractions. Butyrivibrio 2 and Treponema 2 were the abundant bacteria in the epithelial fraction. Principal coordinate analysis showed separation of the solid, liquid and epithelial bacteria regardless of diet, suggesting that rumen fraction had stronger influences on the bacterial community than did urea supplementation. However, the influences on the bacterial community differed among the three fractions. In the solid and liquid fractions, Succinivibrionaceae UCG 001 and Prevotella 1 showed decreased abundance with dietary urea supplementation, whereas the abundance of Oscillospira spp. was increased. Howardella spp. and Desulfobulbus spp. were higher in the epithelial fraction of the UC and LU treatments relative to HU treatment. Comparisons of predictive function in the rumen solid, liquid, and epithelial fractions among the three treatments also revealed differences. Collectively, these results reveal the change of the rumen bacterial community to dietary urea supplementation.

SUBMITTER: Li Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7046558 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Changes in the Solid-, Liquid-, and Epithelium-Associated Bacterial Communities in the Rumen of Hu Lambs in Response to Dietary Urea Supplementation.

Li Zhipeng Z Mu Chunlong C Xu Yixuan Y Shen Junshi J Zhu Weiyun W

Frontiers in microbiology 20200221

The rumen bacteria in the solid, liquid, and epithelial fractions are distinct and play important roles in the degradation of urea nitrogen. However, the effects of urea on rumen bacteria from the three fractions remain unclear. In this study, 42 Hu lambs were fed a total mixed ration based on concentrate and roughage (55:45, dry matter basis) and randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets: a basal diet with no urea (UC, 0 g/kg), a basal diet supplemented with low urea levels (LU, 10 g ...[more]

PMID: 32153533

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Project description:It is well known that solid diet supplementation in early life can significantly promote rumen development and metabolic function in young ruminants. However, the changes in the expressed proteome and related metabolism in rumen epithelium in response to a supplemented solid diet remain unclear. In this study, rumen epithelial tissue from goats in three diet regimes including milk replacer only (MRO), milk replacer supplemented concentrate (MRC), and milk replacer supplemented concentrate plus alfalfa pellets (MCA) were collected for measurement of the expression of epithelial proteins using proteomic technology (six per group). The results showed that solid diet significantly improved the growth performance of goats, enhanced the ability of rumen fermentation, and promoted the development of epithelial papilla (p < 0.05). Proteome analysis revealed the distinct difference in the expressed protein in the MRC and MCA group compared with the MRO group (42 upregulated proteins and 79 downregulated proteins in MRC; 38 upregulated proteins and 73 downregulated proteins in MCA). Functional analysis showed that solid diet supplementation activated a variety of molecular functions in the epithelium, including protein binding, ATP binding, structural constituent of muscle, etc., in the MRC and MCA groups. Meanwhile, the expression of proteins related to fatty acid metabolism, the PPAR signaling pathway, valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, and butanoate metabolism were upregulated, being stimulated by solid feed. In contrast, the proteins associated with carbohydrate digestion and absorption and glycosaminoglycan degradation were downregulated. In addition, the protein expression of enzymes involved in ketone body synthesis in the rumen was generally activated, which was caused by solid feed. In summary, solid feed promoted the development of rumen epithelium by changing the expression of proteins related to fatty acid metabolism, energy synthesis, and signal transduction. The ketone body synthesis pathway might be the most important activated pathway, and provides energy for rumen development.

Project description:The pre-weaning period is crucial for rumen developmental plasticity, which can have a long-term impact on animal performance. Understanding the rumen microbiota during early life is important to elucidate its potential role in rumen development. In this study, the rumen microbiota of 10-day-old Hu lambs fed either milk replacer (B-10), milk replacer and starter (STA) or milk replacer and starter supplemented with alfalfa (S-ALF) in the pre- (d17, 24, and 38) and post-weaning periods (d45 and 66) were assessed to characterize rumen microbial colonization during early life and its response to fiber intervention. In the rumens of B-10 lambs, 498 operational taxonomic units belonging to 33 predominant genera were observed, and the top six predicted functions included "Membrane transport," "carbohydrate metabolism," "amino acid metabolism," "replication and repair," "translation," and "energy metabolism." Prevotella, Succinivibrio, Bifidobacterium, and Butyrivibrio abundances were increased at d38 for both STA and S-ALF groups compared to the B-10 group, whereas fibrolytic bacteria of the taxa Lachnospiraceae and Treponema were only increased in the S-ALF group at d38. A number of saccharolytic bacteria (Bacteroidaceae), organic acid-producing bacteria (Coprococcus and Actinomyces), proteolytic and amino acid fermenters (Fusobacterium) and fibrolytic bacteria (unclassified Ruminococcaceae) were significantly decreased in the STA lambs but not in the S-ALF lambs at d38. After weaning and exposed to alfalfa, the rumen microbial composition in the STA group started to appear similar to that of the S-ALF lambs. The relative abundance of unclassified Clostridiales was higher in S-ALF lambs than STA lambs after weaning. Spearman's correlation analysis showed positive relationships between unclassified Lachnospiraceae, unclassified Clostridiales, Treponema, unclassified Bacteroidales, Coprococcus and crude protein intake, neutral detergent fiber intake, and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate. The unclassified Lachnospiraceae and Treponema were also positively correlated with average daily gain. Our results revealed that alfalfa stimulated changes in rumen microbiota during the pre- and post-weaning periods and was consistent with rumen development for better feed intake and animal performance before and after weaning. The findings of this study provide clues for strategies to improve rumen function through manipulation of the rumen microbiota during early life.

Project description:Six steers were used to study the effects of dietary supplementation with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, rumen microbiota, and plasma metabolites. The animals were fed a basal ration with Na2SO4 added at 0 g/day (sulfur [S] content of 0.115% dry matter [DM]), 20 g/day (S at 0.185% DM), or 40 g/day (S at 0.255% DM) in a replicate 3-by-3 Latin square design. The results indicated that supplementing with Na2SO4 increased the ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids, the molar proportions of acetate and butyrate, the ruminal concentrations of microbial protein, SO4 2--S, and S2--S, and the digestibility of fiber, while it decreased the molar proportion of propionate and the ruminal concentration of ammonia nitrogen. Supplementing with Na2SO4 increased the diversity and the richness of rumen microbiota and the relative abundances of the phylum Firmicutes and genera Ruminococcus 2, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Desulfovibrio, whereas it decreased the relative abundances of the phylum Bacteroidetes and genera Prevotella 1, Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and Treponema 2 Supplementing with Na2SO4 also increased the plasma concentrations of amino acids (l-arginine, l-methionine, l-cysteine, and l-lysine), purine derivatives (xanthine and hypoxanthine), vitamins (thiamine and biotin), and lipids (acetylcarnitine and l-carnitine). It was concluded that supplementing the steer ration with Na2SO4 was beneficial for improving the rumen fermentation, fiber digestibility, and nutrient metabolism through modulating the rumen microbial community.IMPORTANCE Essential elements like nitrogen and sulfur greatly affect rumen fermentation and metabolism in ruminants. However, little knowledge is available on the effects of sulfur on the rumen microbiota and plasma metabolome. The results of the present trial demonstrated that supplementing the steer ration with sodium sulfate markedly improved rumen fermentation, fiber digestibility, and metabolism of amino acids, purine derivatives, and vitamins through effects on the ruminal microbiome. The facts obtained from the present trial clarified the possible mechanisms of the positive effects of sulfur on rumen fermentation and nutrient utilization.

Project description:BackgroundDiet has a profound impact on the rumen microbiota, and the impact can vary among the different rumen ecological niches (REN). This study investigated the effects of dietary replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on the rumen microbiota occupying different REN of growing Hu lambs. After a 9-week feeding trial, 6 lambs from each dietary treatment (SBM vs. DDGS-based diets) were slaughtered for sample collection. The microbiota of the rumen solid, liquid, and epithelium fractions was examined using amplicon sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene, functional prediction, and qPCR.ResultsNo interaction of dietary protein source (PS) and REN were detected for virtually all the measurements made in this study. The DDGS substitution resulted in very limited influence on bacterial community structure. However, the metabolic pathways predicted from 16S rRNA gene sequences varied greatly between SBM- and DDGS-based diets. The populations of rumen total bacteria, fungi, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and methanogens were not influenced by DDGS substitution, but the population of protozoa was reduced. The bacterial communities in rumen solid (RS) and liquid (RL) were similar in taxonomic composition but were different in relative abundance of some taxa. In contrast, the bacterial composition and relative abundance of rumen epithelium (RE) were greatly distinct from those of the RS and the RL. In alignment with the bacterial relative abundance, the metabolic pathways predicted from 16S rRNA genes also varied greatly among the different REN. The populations of total bacteria, protozoa, and methanogens attached to the RE were smaller than those in the RS and RL, and the fungal population on the rumen epithelium was smaller than that in the RS but similar to that in the RL. On the contrary, the SRB population on the RE was greater than that in the RS and RL.ConclusionsSubstitution of SBM with DDGS had greater impact to the protozoa than to the other microbes, and the microbial community structure and functions at different REN are distinct and niche-adapted.

Dataset Information

Changes in the Solid-, Liquid-, and Epithelium-Associated Bacterial Communities in the Rumen of Hu Lambs in Response to Dietary Urea Supplementation.

Publications

Changes in the Solid-, Liquid-, and Epithelium-Associated Bacterial Communities in the Rumen of Hu Lambs in Response to Dietary Urea Supplementation.

Similar Datasets

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