Dataset Information

Lead Concentrations in Mexican Candy: A Follow-Up Report.

ABSTRACT: Background:Lead is a neurotoxic metal potentially affecting the developing brain. Children are particularly susceptible since they can absorb between 50% and 100% of ingested lead. There is no safe level for lead, therefore preventing exposure is crucial. We previously reported a positive association between lead concentrations found in candy and concurrent blood lead levels in Mexican children. This first report garnered media and the general public's attention. Objective:To conduct a follow-up study to assess lead concentrations in candy brands that we previously reported with concentrations ?0.1ppm the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's recommended maximum lead level in candy likely to be consumed frequently by small children. Methods:In 2018 we analyzed 50 additional candy samples. Lead concentrations were analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and lead content per candy unit was calculated. Findings:We found concentrations were typically low, with a marked decrease from prior levels (2008). Nevertheless two candy units had concentrations of 0.1 ppm of lead. Conclusions:Candy may have lead concentrations up to 0.1 ppm and 1.2 ?g per unit. This is a concern because candies are exported and consumed in many countries worldwide potentially resulting in human exposure. Continued public health surveillance is needed to protect populations especially vulnerable to lead exposure, especially children.

SUBMITTER: Tamayo-Ortiz M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7047762 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Lead Concentrations in Mexican Candy: A Follow-Up Report.

Tamayo-Ortiz Marcela M Sanders Alison P AP Rosa Maria J MJ Wright Robert O RO Amarasiriwardena Chitra C Mercado-García Adriana A Pantic Ivan I Lamadrid-Figueroa Hector H Téllez-Rojo Martha María MM

Annals of global health 20200225 1

<h4>Background</h4>Lead is a neurotoxic metal potentially affecting the developing brain. Children are particularly susceptible since they can absorb between 50% and 100% of ingested lead. There is no safe level for lead, therefore preventing exposure is crucial. We previously reported a positive association between lead concentrations found in candy and concurrent blood lead levels in Mexican children. This first report garnered media and the general public's attention.<h4>Objective</h4>To cond ...[more]

PMID: 32140430

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Research has found that diet and dietary patterns are associated with blood pressure and hypertension. Limited research in this area has been conducted in a Mexican population. METHODS:We investigated the relation between dietary patterns (principal component analysis) and the incidence of self-reported treated hypertension in 62,913 women from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort, a large population-based cohort of female Mexican teachers, who were free of hypertension at baseline in 2006-2008 when diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were categorized into quartiles and logistic regression models were fit. RESULTS:Participants were 42.1?±?7.3 years old, had a BMI 27.0?±?4.4 and a cumulative incidence of hypertension of 4.6%. Between baseline and first follow-up (2011-2014) we identified 2916 incident cases of hypertension. We identified three major components. The first was loaded heavily with vegetables, fruits and legumes; the second component was loaded heavily with processed meats, fast foods, and red meat; and finally the third component was loaded heavily with corn tortillas, hot peppers, and sodas. We named the components as Fruits & Vegetables (FV), Western (W), and Modern Mexican (MM). The multivariable-adjusted odds of hypertension in the highest quartile of the W pattern were 24% higher than the odds for individuals in the lowest quartile (95%CI?=?1.10, 1.40; P-trend?=?0.0004); women in the highest quartile of the MM pattern had 15% higher odds than women in the lowest quartile (95%CI?=?1.02, 1.29; P-trend?=?0.01). The FV pattern was not significantly associated with hypertension (OR for extreme quartiles?=?0.94; 95%CI?=?0.84, 1.05; P-trend?=?0.19). CONCLUSION:The Western pattern and the Modern Mexican pattern, which showcases an undergoing nutrition transition, may affect the incidence of hypertension, whereas the FV pattern was not associated with hypertension. These findings are important in the prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in Mexico and possibly among Mexican people living in the US.

Dataset Information

Lead Concentrations in Mexican Candy: A Follow-Up Report.

Publications

Lead Concentrations in Mexican Candy: A Follow-Up Report.

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