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Global gene flow releases invasive plants from environmental constraints on genetic diversity.

ABSTRACT: When plants establish outside their native range, their ability to adapt to the new environment is influenced by both demography and dispersal. However, the relative importance of these two factors is poorly understood. To quantify the influence of demography and dispersal on patterns of genetic diversity underlying adaptation, we used data from a globally distributed demographic research network comprising 35 native and 18 nonnative populations of Plantago lanceolata Species-specific simulation experiments showed that dispersal would dilute demographic influences on genetic diversity at local scales. Populations in the native European range had strong spatial genetic structure associated with geographic distance and precipitation seasonality. In contrast, nonnative populations had weaker spatial genetic structure that was not associated with environmental gradients but with higher within-population genetic diversity. Our findings show that dispersal caused by repeated, long-distance, human-mediated introductions has allowed invasive plant populations to overcome environmental constraints on genetic diversity, even without strong demographic changes. The impact of invasive plants may, therefore, increase with repeated introductions, highlighting the need to constrain future introductions of species even if they already exist in an area.

SUBMITTER: Smith AL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7049112 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Global gene flow releases invasive plants from environmental constraints on genetic diversity.

Smith Annabel L AL Hodkinson Trevor R TR Villellas Jesus J Catford Jane A JA Csergő Anna Mária AM Blomberg Simone P SP Crone Elizabeth E EE Ehrlén Johan J Garcia Maria B MB Laine Anna-Liisa AL Roach Deborah A DA Salguero-Gómez Roberto R Wardle Glenda M GM Childs Dylan Z DZ Elderd Bret D BD Finn Alain A Munné-Bosch Sergi S Baudraz Maude E A MEA Bódis Judit J Brearley Francis Q FQ Bucharova Anna A Caruso Christina M CM Duncan Richard P RP Dwyer John M JM Gooden Ben B Groenteman Ronny R Hamre Liv Norunn LN Helm Aveliina A Kelly Ruth R Laanisto Lauri L Lonati Michele M Moore Joslin L JL Morales Melanie M Olsen Siri Lie SL Pärtel Meelis M Petry William K WK Petry William K WK Ramula Satu S Rasmussen Pil U PU Enri Simone Ravetto SR Roeder Anna A Roscher Christiane C Saastamoinen Marjo M Tack Ayco J M AJM Töpper Joachim Paul JP Vose Gregory E GE Wandrag Elizabeth M EM Wingler Astrid A Buckley Yvonne M YM

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20200207 8

When plants establish outside their native range, their ability to adapt to the new environment is influenced by both demography and dispersal. However, the relative importance of these two factors is poorly understood. To quantify the influence of demography and dispersal on patterns of genetic diversity underlying adaptation, we used data from a globally distributed demographic research network comprising 35 native and 18 nonnative populations of <i>Plantago lanceolata</i> Species-specific sim ...[more]

PMID: 32034102

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Project description:Leaves are thought to be the primary carbon source for reproduction in plants, so a positive relationship between vegetative size and reproductive output is expected, establishing a trade-off between time to reproduction and reproductive output. A common response to higher temperatures due to climate changes is the induction of earlier transition into reproduction. Thus, in annual plants, earlier transition into flowering can potentially constrain plant size and reduce seed production. However, trade-offs between early reproduction and fitness are not always observed, suggesting mechanisms to escape the constraints of early flowering do exist. Here, we test whether inflorescence photosynthesis contribution to the reproductive output of Arabidopsis thaliana can offset the cost of early reproduction. We followed the development, growth rate and fitness of 15 accessions, and removed all rosette leaves at flowering (prior to the completion of inflorescence development or any fruit production) in half of the plants to determine the ability of inflorescences to maintain fitness in the absence of leaves. Although leaf removal significantly reduced fruit number, seed weight and plant height, even the most severely impacted accessions maintained 35% of their fitness with the inflorescence as the sole photosynthetic organ; and some accessions experienced no reduction in fitness. Differences between accessions in their ability to maintain fitness after leaf removal is best explained by earlier flowering time and the ability to maintain as many or more branches after leaf removal as in the control treatment. Although earlier flowering does constrain plant vegetative size, we found that inflorescence photosynthesis can significantly contribute to seed production, explaining why early flowering plants can maintain high fitness despite a reduction in vegetative size. Thus, plants can be released from the usually assumed trade-offs associated with earlier reproduction, and selection on inflorescence traits can mediate the impact of climate change on phenology.

Dataset Information

Global gene flow releases invasive plants from environmental constraints on genetic diversity.

Publications

Global gene flow releases invasive plants from environmental constraints on genetic diversity.

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