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Influence of typical handball characteristics on upper body posture and postural control in male handball players.

ABSTRACT: Background:Well defined constitutional parameters support the physical fatigue resistance in handball to maintain the performance level for the majority of actions. Ideal constitutional conditions are necessary to achieve these physiological advantages in handball. But limited knowledge exists about the upper body posture or the postural control in correlation to the Body Mass Index (BMI), playing years, playing position and throwing arm in professional male handball. Methods:Ninety-one male handball players participate (24.1?±?5.9?years; playing experience 16.6?±?5.7?years). A three-dimensional back scanner and a pressure measuring plate were used. Results:Correlations between BMI and upper body posture and postural control were not significant. Same counts for the comparison between the left and right throwing arm according to upper body posture and postural control (p???0.05). Correlations between the years of playing can be found at pelvis height (p???0.04) and for the length of the Center of Pressure (CoP) (p???0.01). Wing players are 6.5-8.5?cm smaller. The playing position is independently of BMI, age or upper body posture (p ??0.05). Backcourt players have a higher load of the left and a lower load of the right foot compared to wing players (p???0.001). Left-right comparison (p ??0.001/ 0.01) can be seen in pivot player (covered area), backcourt player (weight distribution left/right [rear] foot), wing player (weight and force distribution left/right foot, covered area). Conclusion:Goalkeeper, Backcourt and pivot players are taller and heavier than wing players. These physiological demands are not detectable in the upper body posture and slightly in postural control. Wing players have the most asymmetric load distribution and the longest length of CoP. Since goalkeepers do not differ from pivot or backcourt players, this can be lead back to the same training.

SUBMITTER: Ohlendorf D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7050121 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Influence of typical handball characteristics on upper body posture and postural control in male handball players.

Ohlendorf D D Salzer S S Haensel R R Rey J J Maltry L L Holzgreve F F Lampe J J Wanke E M EM Groneberg D A DA

BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation 20200302

<h4>Background</h4>Well defined constitutional parameters support the physical fatigue resistance in handball to maintain the performance level for the majority of actions. Ideal constitutional conditions are necessary to achieve these physiological advantages in handball. But limited knowledge exists about the upper body posture or the postural control in correlation to the Body Mass Index (BMI), playing years, playing position and throwing arm in professional male handball.<h4>Methods</h4>Nine ...[more]

PMID: 32140229

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Project description:BackgroundThe relevance of body composition (BC) to performance in sport has long been appreciated with special concern on the total and regional proportion of fat and muscle. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is able to accurately measure BC, but it may not be easily available in practice; anthropometry has long been used as a simple and inexpensive field method to objectively assess BC. The aim of this study was twofold: first, to develop and validate a sport-specific anthropometric predictive equation for total body fat mass (FM) and lean mass components in female handball players to be used in the sport setting; second, to cross-validate in female team handball players several independently developed, predictive equations for BC in female athletes.MethodsA total of 85 female team handball players (30 wings, 31 backs, 14 pivots, 10 goalkeepers) of different competitive levels underwent anthropometry and a whole-body DXA scan. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop predictive equations in a derivation sample (n = 60) of randomly selected players using demographic and anthropometric variables. The developed equations were used to predict DXA outcomes in an independent validation sample (n = 25).ResultsStatistically significant (P < 0.001) models were developed for total body FM (adjusted R 2 = 0.943, standard error of the estimate, SEE = 1,379 g), percentage FM (adjusted R 2 = 0.877, SEE = 2.00%), fat-free soft tissue mass (FFSTM) (adjusted R 2 = 0.834, SEE = 2,412 g), fat-free mass (FFSTM + bone mineral content; adjusted R 2 = 0.829, SEE = 2,579 g). All models were robust to collinearity. Each developed equation was successfully validated in the remaining 25 players using correlation analysis, mean signed difference, t-test, and Bland-Altman plot. The whole dataset of team handball players (n = 85) was used to cross-validate several predictive equations independently developed by others in female athletes. Equations significantly (P < 0.001 for all; t-test) over- or underestimated the corresponding DXA measurements.DiscussionIt is concluded that in team female handball players the anthropometric equations presented herein are able to estimate body fat and FFSTM with accuracy. Several BC predictive anthropometric equations developed in different female athletic populations revealed inaccurate when tested in team handball players. These results should be of use for coaches, physical trainers, and nutritionists when evaluating the physical status of female team handball players.

Project description:Background:Olympic handball is a sport mainly focused on executing throwing and passing techniques with the throwing arm. Functional specialization due to the unilateral characteristic and dominance of the throwing arm may lead to adapted control of shoulder stability and mobility. Thus, we examined side differences between the throwing and the non-throwing arm. Additionally, correlations between the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test (YBT-UQ) and handball-specific performance measures were investigated. Methods:All participants (F?=?13?yrs., n?=?14, training experience [te] 5.9?±?1.3?yrs.; M?=?14?yrs., n?=?24, te 6.5?±?2.5?yrs.; M?=?15?yrs., n?=?18, te 9.3?±?2.2?yrs) were Olympic handball players of a regional youth selection team. YBT-UQ was executed assessing performance in medial, inferolateral and superolateral reach direction normalized to the upper limb length together with a composite score of the mean of all reach directions. A radar gun and a target net were used for the assessment of throwing velocity and throwing accuracy. The paired t-test was used to detect side differences in YBT-UQ performance. Pearson's correlation analysis was calculated for associations between YBT-UQ and throwing velocity/accuracy. Results:Significant differences between the throwing and non-throwing arm were only detected for the superolateral reach direction in the 14-year-old males. Small correlations between YBT-UQ performance and throwing velocity/accuracy (13-year-old females: -?0.01???r???-?0.37 / 0.01???r???0.31; 14-year-old males: 0.10???r???0.45 / -0.01???r???.-0.51; 15-year-old males: 0.06???r???0.34 / 0.01???r???-?0.45) were observed, irrespective of age and sex category. Conclusions:There was only a minimal difference in performance of the YBT-UQ between the throwing and non-throwing arm and only weak if any relationships between throwing performance and stability/mobility of the upper extremities in adolescent Olympic handball players existed. Further research is needed to investigate whether the YBT-UQ is a useful tool to detect training-related improvements in measures of shoulder stability/mobility and functional performance.

Project description:ContextWhen playing handball, the preservation of the subacromial space, which can be quantified by the acromiohumeral distance (AHD), plays a crucial role for shoulder health of handball players. Acute effects of handball-specific loading on the subacromial space with consideration of individual adaptions resulting from long-term handball-specific loading experience have yet to be determined in order to prevent injuries such as e. g. an impingement of the supraspinatus tendon.ObjectiveTo (1) assess the acute effects of handball-specific loading on the AHD in healthy experienced handball players (HB) and non-handball experienced athletes (CG) and (2) to assess the AHD behavior in relation to individual intrinsic factors to identify possible risk factors and the effect of handball-specific experience associated adaptations.Participants20 HB (10m; 10f) and 20 CG (10m; 10f); 24 ± 5 years.InterventionHandball-specific loading protocol.Main outcome measuresThe AHD was measured by ultrasonography at 0° and 60° abduction pre and post intervention. Isometric shoulder strength was measured with hand-held dynamometry. Shoulder range of motion (ROM) was measured with goniometry.ResultsHandball-specific loading led to significantly reduced AHD in the dominant shoulder in the 60° abducted position in both groups (HB: -1.7 ± 2.0 mm; p = 0.001, d = 0.69; CG: -1.1 ± 2.0 mm; p = 0.024, d = 0.37) and in the non-dominant shoulder in 0° (-0.7 ± 1.5 mm; p = 0.038, d = 0.35) and 60° abducted position (-1.3 ± 1.8 mm; p = 0.004, d = 0.69) in HB only. Handball-specific loading enhanced AHD reduction when elevating the shoulder from 0° to 60° in both groups and arms. Larger shoulder abduction strength affected the maintenance of the AHD positively. HB demonstrated less shoulder strength compared to CG, while ROM did not differ.ConclusionsHandball-specific loading can affect the ability to preserve the subacromial space which might put handball players at risk for shoulder injuries. Poor shoulder strength can aggravate this mechanism. Therefore, implementation of strengthening exercises of the external rotator and abductor muscles in the training schedule may improve shoulder health of handball players.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Temporary occlusal changes and their influence on the upper body statics are still controversially discussed. Furthermore, concrete statements on whether age- or gender-specific differences in neurophysiological reactions exist are missing. Therefore, it is the aim of this study to evaluate the immediate effects of a symmetrical occlusion blocking on the upper body posture. These effects shall be investigated for both genders and for a larger age range. METHODS:In this study, 800 (407f/393?m) subjects volunteered aged from 21 to 60?years. Both genders were divided into four age groups according to decades. The three-dimensional upper body posture was measured by using the rasterstereography (ABW-Bodymapper). The habitual static posture was measured in two dental occlusion conditions (a) in rest position and (b) symmetrical blocking in the bicuspid region by cotton rolls. RESULTS:A significant reduction of the trunk length (0.72?mm; p?<? 0.001), an increase of the lumbar (0.30°; p?<? 0.001) and the thoracic bending angle (0.14°; p?=?0.001), a reduction of the spinal forward decline (0.16°; p?<? 0.001) and a reduction of the scapular distance (0.36?mm; p?=?0.001) was found. Gender-specific reactions can only be recorded in scapular distance, in that regard men reduce this distance while over all age groups women did not show a significant change. DISCUSSION:Slight gender- and age-independent reactions due to a symmetric occlusion blockade are shown: A gender independent reaction of the spinal related variables in the sagittal plane (thoracic and lumbar flexion angle, trunk length, spinal forward decline). In addition, a gender specific change of the shoulder blade distance could be observed, where men reduced the distance while female did not show a change. However, since these reactions are of a minimum amount, it can be concluded that neurophysiological compensation mechanisms work equally well regardless of age and sex, and the upper body posture of healthy people changes only very slightly due to a temporarily symmetrical altered bite position.

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Influence of typical handball characteristics on upper body posture and postural control in male handball players.

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Influence of typical handball characteristics on upper body posture and postural control in male handball players.

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