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Exercise training results in depot-specific adaptations to adipose tissue mitochondrial function.

ABSTRACT: We assessed differences in mitochondrial function in gluteal (gSAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (aSAT) at baseline and in response to 12-weeks of exercise training; and examined depot-specific associations with body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity (S_I). Obese, black South African women (n?=?45) were randomized into exercise (n?=?23) or control (n?=?22) groups. Exercise group completed 12-weeks of aerobic and resistance training (n?=?20), while the control group (n?=?15) continued usual behaviours. Mitochondrial function (high-resolution respirometry and fluorometry) in gSAT and aSAT, S_I (frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and ectopic fat (MRI) were assessed pre- and post-intervention. At baseline, gSAT had higher mitochondrial respiratory capacity and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production than aSAT (p?2O₂ production and lower aSAT mitochondrial respiration were independently associated with lower S_I (p?I improved and gynoid fat decreased (p?2O₂ production reduced in both depots, and mtDNA decreased in gSAT (p?

SUBMITTER: Mendham AE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7052157 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Exercise training results in depot-specific adaptations to adipose tissue mitochondrial function.

Mendham Amy E AE Larsen Steen S George Cindy C Adams Kevin K Hauksson Jon J Olsson Tommy T Fortuin-de Smidt Melony C MC Nono Nankam Pamela A PA Hakim Olah O Goff Louise M LM Pheiffer Carmen C Goedecke Julia H JH

Scientific reports 20200302 1

We assessed differences in mitochondrial function in gluteal (gSAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (aSAT) at baseline and in response to 12-weeks of exercise training; and examined depot-specific associations with body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity (S<sub>I</sub>). Obese, black South African women (n = 45) were randomized into exercise (n = 23) or control (n = 22) groups. Exercise group completed 12-weeks of aerobic and resistance training (n = 20), while the control group ...[more]

PMID: 32123205

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Project description:BackgroundAlterations of endocannabinoid system in adipose tissue play an important role in lipid regulation and metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether gene expression levels of cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) are different in subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue, and whether hypocaloric diet and aerobic exercise influence subcutaneous adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression in obese women.MethodsThirty overweight or obese, middle-aged women (BMI = 34.3 ± 0.8 kg/m2, age = 59 ± 1 years) underwent one of three 20-week weight loss interventions: caloric restriction only (CR, N = 9), caloric restriction plus moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (CRM, 45-50% HRR, N = 13), or caloric restriction plus vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise (CRV, 70-75% HRR, N = 8). Subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue samples were collected before and after the interventions to measure CB1 and FAAH gene expression.ResultsAt baseline, FAAH gene expression was higher in abdominal, compared to gluteal adipose tissue (2.08 ± 0.11 vs. 1.78 ± 0.10, expressed as target gene/?-actin mRNA ratio × 10-3, P < 0.05). Compared to pre-intervention, CR did not change abdominal, but decreased gluteal CB1 (? = -0.82 ± 0.25, P < 0.05) and FAAH (? = -0.49 ± 0.14, P < 0.05) gene expression. CRM or CRV alone did not change adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression. However, combined CRM and CRV (CRM+CRV) decreased abdominal adipose tissue FAAH gene expression (? = -0.37 ± 0.18, P < 0.05). The changes in gluteal CB1 and abdominal FAAH gene expression levels in the CR alone and the CRM+CRV group were different (P < 0.05) or tended to be different (P = 0.10).ConclusionsThere are depot differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue endocannabinoid system gene expression in obese individuals. Aerobic exercise training may preferentially modulate abdominal adipose tissue endocannabinoid-related gene expression during dietary weight loss.

Dataset Information

Exercise training results in depot-specific adaptations to adipose tissue mitochondrial function.

Publications

Exercise training results in depot-specific adaptations to adipose tissue mitochondrial function.

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