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Relationship of postsaccadic oscillation with the state of the pupil inside the iris and with cognitive processing.

ABSTRACT: Recent studies using video-based eye tracking have presented accumulating evidence that postsaccadic oscillation defined in reference to the pupil center (PSOp) is larger than that to the iris center (PSOi). This indicates that the relative motion of the pupil reflects the viscoelasticity of the tissue of the iris. It is known that the pupil size controlled by the sphincter/dilator pupillae muscles reflects many aspects of cognition. A hypothesis derived from this fact is that cognitive tasks affect the properties of PSOp due to the change in the state of these muscles. To test this hypothesis, we conducted pro- and antisaccade tasks for human participants and adopted the recent physical model of PSO to evaluate the dynamic properties of PSOp/PSOi. The results showed the dependence of the elasticity coefficient of the PSOp on the antisaccade task, but this effect was not significant for the PSOi. This suggests that cognitive tasks such as antisaccade tasks affect elasticity of the muscle of the iris. We found that the trial-by-trial fluctuation in the presaccade absolute pupil size correlated with the elasticity coefficient of PSOp. We also found the task dependence of the viscosity coefficient and overshoot amount of PSOi, which probably reflects the dynamics of the entire eyeball movement. The difference in task dependence between PSOp and PSOi indicates that the separate measures of these two can be means to distinguish factors related to the oculomotor neural system from those related to the physiological states of the iris tissue.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The state of the eyeball varies dynamically moment by moment depending on underlying neural/cognitive processing. Combining simultaneous measurements of pupil-centric and iris-centric movements and a recent physical model of postsaccadic oscillation (PSO), we show that the pupil-centric PSO is sensitive to the type of saccade task, suggesting that the physical state of the iris muscles reflects the underlying cognitive processes.

SUBMITTER: Yamagishi S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7052648 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Relationship of postsaccadic oscillation with the state of the pupil inside the iris and with cognitive processing.

Yamagishi Shimpei S Yoneya Makoto M Furukawa Shigeto S

Journal of neurophysiology 20191211 2

Recent studies using video-based eye tracking have presented accumulating evidence that postsaccadic oscillation defined in reference to the pupil center (PSOp) is larger than that to the iris center (PSOi). This indicates that the relative motion of the pupil reflects the viscoelasticity of the tissue of the iris. It is known that the pupil size controlled by the sphincter/dilator pupillae muscles reflects many aspects of cognition. A hypothesis derived from this fact is that cognitive tasks af ...[more]

PMID: 31825707

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Project description:BackgroundTo investigate whether iris blood flow and iris thickness at the iris smooth muscle region affect the pupil diameter at rest and after drug-induced mydriasis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsT1DM patients and healthy children were recruited from the SCADE cohort. T2DM patients and healthy adults were recruited from patients undergoing cataract surgery at Shanghai General Hospital. Iris vessel density, pupil diameter (PD) and iris thickness were measured in both the resting and drug-induced mydriasis states. Iris vessel density was measured by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), PD was measured by a pupilometer, and iris thickness at the iris smooth muscle regions were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).ResultsThe study included 34 pediatric T1DM patients and 50 adult T2DM patients, both groups without diabetic retinopathy, and age-sex-matched healthy controls. At baseline, T1DM children and healthy children showed no differences in iris blood flow, iris thickness, or PD. However, the adult T2DM group exhibited higher vessel density at the pupil margin, thinner iris thickness at the iris dilator region, and smaller PD compared to healthy adults, with these differences being statistically significant (P < 0.05). After pupil dilation, there were no changes in iris blood flow and PD in the T1DM group compared to healthy children, whereas the T2DM group showed a significantly smaller PD compared to healthy adults. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that in the T2DM group, glycated hemoglobin was an independent factor of PD after dilation (β=-0.490, p = 0.031), with no such factors identified in the T1DM group.ConclusionThe insufficiently dilated pupil diameter after drug-induced mydriasis is correlated to the level of glycated hemoglobin among T2DM patients.Trial registrationThe registration number on the clinical trial website was NCT03631108.

Dataset Information

Relationship of postsaccadic oscillation with the state of the pupil inside the iris and with cognitive processing.

Publications

Relationship of postsaccadic oscillation with the state of the pupil inside the iris and with cognitive processing.

Similar Datasets

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