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Monotonic load datasets for additively manufactured thermoplastic reinforced composites.

ABSTRACT: In additive manufacturing (AM), thermoplastic components made by fused deposition modeling (FDM) offer low strength and stiffness, as required for fully functional and load-bearing parts. Composite materials are a practical solution to improve mechanical properties [1,2]. A new technology to reinforce thermoplastics with continuous fibers has been developed recently by Markforged [3]. It introduces continuous fiber to reinforce a thermoplastic matrix, thus, taking static mechanical performance close to Aluminum alloys [4]. These printers for continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPC) have taken this technology to a whole new level in terms of mechanical properties and efficient production. Mechanical properties under monotonic load were studied for different kinds of printing configurations. Tensile monotonic tests under controlled displacement were performed until rupture. Raw data showing tensile monotonic behavior provides the researchers with the ability to perform data fitting, to validate more advanced constitutive models, or to perform a further interpretation of the data, among others. Data is presented here as plain text files without any analysis. A preliminary data analysis has been published already in [5]. The text files contain information about time, displacement, and force. The data is useful for design engineers and researchers involved with AM.

SUBMITTER: Gonzalez-Estrada OA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7056620 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Monotonic load datasets for additively manufactured thermoplastic reinforced composites.

González-Estrada Octavio Andrés OA Pertuz Comas Alberto David AD Díaz Rodríguez Jorge Guillermo JG

Data in brief 20200219

In additive manufacturing (AM), thermoplastic components made by fused deposition modeling (FDM) offer low strength and stiffness, as required for fully functional and load-bearing parts. Composite materials are a practical solution to improve mechanical properties [1,2]. A new technology to reinforce thermoplastics with continuous fibers has been developed recently by Markforged [3]. It introduces continuous fiber to reinforce a thermoplastic matrix, thus, taking static mechanical performance c ...[more]

PMID: 32154341

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Project description:Thermoplastic composites consisting of a liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) and poly(lactide) (PLA) have the potential to combine good mechanical performance with recyclability and are therefore interesting as strong and sustainable composite materials. The viscoelastic behavior of both the LCP and the PLA is of great importance for the performance of these composites, as they determine the LCP morphology in the composite and play a crucial role in preventing the loss of mechanical performance upon recycling. Though the effect of the matrix viscosity is well-documented in literature, well-controlled systems where the LCP viscosity is tailored are not reported. Therefore, four LCPs, with the same chemical backbone but different molecular weights, are used to produce reinforced LCP-PLA composites. The differences in viscosity of the LCPs and viscosity ratio between the dispersed phase and the matrix of the blends are evident in the resultant composite morphology: in all cases fibrils are formed; however, the diameter increases considerably as the viscosity ratio increases for the higher molar mass LCPs. The fibril diameter ranges from several hundred nanometer to a few micrometer. A typical layered structure in the injection molded composites is observed, where the layer-thickness is influenced by the LCP viscosity. The LCPs are found to effectively reinforce the PLLA matrix, increasing the Young's modulus by 60% and the maximum stress by 40% for the composite containing 30 wt % of the most viscous LCP. Remarkably, this did not result in an increase in brittleness, effectively increasing the toughness of the composite compared to pure PLLA. The feasible reprocessability of this composite is confirmed, by subjecting it to three reprocessing cycles. The relaxation of the LCPs orientation upon heating is measured via in situ WAXD. We compare the relaxation in an amorphous PLA matrix and in a semicrystalline PLLA matrix with that of the pure LCPs. The matrix viscosity is found to strongly influence the relaxation. For example, in a low viscous amorphous matrix relaxation of the LCP fibrils into droplets dominates the process, whereas a semicrystalline matrix helps in maintaining the fibril morphology and intermolecular orientation of the LCP. In the latter case, the LCPs relax via contraction and coalescence of the polydomain texture and maintains a significant degree of orientation until the PLLA crystals melt and the matrix viscosity decreases. The insights gained in this study on the role of the LCP viscosity on the morphology and performance of thermoplastic composites, as well as the relaxation of LCPs in a matrix, will aid progression toward sustainable and reprocessable LCP reinforced thermoplastic composites.

Project description:Thermoplastic polymer-filler composites are excellent materials for bone tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds, combining the functionality of fillers with suitable load-bearing ability, biodegradability, and additive manufacturing (AM) compatibility of the polymer. Two key determinants of their utility are their rheological behavior in the molten state, determining AM processability and their mechanical load-bearing properties. We report here the characterization of both these physical properties for four bone TE relevant composite formulations with poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate (PEOT/PBT) as a base polymer, which is often used to fabricate TE scaffolds. The fillers used were reduced graphene oxide (rGO), hydroxyapatite (HA), gentamicin intercalated in zirconium phosphate (ZrP-GTM) and ciprofloxacin intercalated in MgAl layered double hydroxide (MgAl-CFX). The rheological assessment showed that generally the viscous behavior dominated the elastic behavior (G″ > G') for the studied composites, at empirically determined extrusion temperatures. Coupled rheological-thermal characterization of ZrP-GTM and HA composites showed that the fillers increased the solidification temperatures of the polymer melts during cooling. Both these findings have implications for the required extrusion temperatures and bonding between layers. Mechanical tests showed that the fillers generally not only made the polymer stiffer but more brittle in proportion to the filler fractions. Furthermore, the elastic moduli of scaffolds did not directly correlate with the corresponding bulk material properties, implying composite-specific AM processing effects on the mechanical properties. Finally, we show computational models to predict multimaterial scaffold elastic moduli using measured single material scaffold and bulk moduli. The reported characterizations are essential for assessing the AM processability and ultimately the suitability of the manufactured scaffolds for the envisioned bone regeneration application.

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Monotonic load datasets for additively manufactured thermoplastic reinforced composites.

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Monotonic load datasets for additively manufactured thermoplastic reinforced composites.

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