Changes in the salivary electrolytic dynamic after sucrose exposure in children with Early Childhood Caries.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: de Sousa ET
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7057989 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Changes in the salivary electrolytic dynamic after sucrose exposure in children with Early Childhood Caries.
de Sousa Emerson Tavares ET Lima-Holanda Aline Tavares AT Nobre-Dos-Santos Marinês M
Scientific reports 20200305 1
This study sought to explore if the effect of 20% sucrose rinse (SR) on the salivary electrolytic concentration of calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>), phosphate (Pi) and fluoride (F<sup>-</sup>) in children with Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is different from healthy children. Here, fifty-eight preschoolers aged 3 to 5 years were divided into 2 groups: caries-free (CF) and with ECC. Changes in saliva flow rate, pH and buffering capacity (BC), as well as in concentrations of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Pi, and F<sup ...[more]
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Project description:This quasi-experimental study sought to investigate if the mechanical control of biofilm (3-times-a-day) modifies the saliva's ability to buffer the oral environment after 20% sucrose rinse (SR20%) in children with early childhood caries (ECC). Here, SR20% reduced the saliva's pH in both groups and the mechanical control of biofilm had a greater effect on this parameter after SR20% in CF children. The mechanical control of biofilm evidenced a higher buffering capacity in CF children before SR20%, which was not observed after SR20%. Otherwise, the absence of mechanical control of biofilm showed that buffering capacity was comparable in the two groups before SR20%, whereas after SR20% the saliva's buffering capacity of CF children was higher than ECC children. When biofilm was mechanically controlled, carbonic anhydrase VI activity did not change after SR20% whereas the absence of mechanical control of biofilm reduced this enzyme activity after SR20%. In conclusion, the mechanical control of biofilm did not change saliva's ability to buffer the oral environment after SR20% in children with ECC. On the other hand, CF children appeared to regulate more effectively the saliva's pH than ECC children while the absence of mechanical control of biofilm mediated their pH-modifying ability after SR20%.
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Project description:BackgroundThe main objectives of this study were to describe and compare the microbiota of 1) deep dentinal lesions of deciduous teeth of children affected with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and 2) the unstimulated saliva of these children and 3) the unstimulated saliva of caries-free children, and to compare microbiota compositional differences and diversity of taxa in these sampled sites.MethodsChildren with S-ECC and without S-ECC were recruited. The saliva of all children with and without S-ECC was sampled along with the deep dentinal microbiota from children affected by S-ECC. The salivary microbiota of children affected by S-ECC (n = 68) was compared to that of caries-free children (n = 70), by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons. Finally, the caries microbiota of deep dentinal lesions of those children with S-ECC was investigated.ResultsUsing two beta diversity metrics (Bray Curtis dissimilarity and UniFrac distance), the caries microbiota was found to be distinct from that of either of the saliva groups (caries-free & caries-active) when bacterial abundance was taken into account. However, when the comparison was made by measuring only presence and absence of bacterial taxa, all three microbiota types separated. While the alpha diversity of the caries microbiota was lowest, the diversity difference between the caries samples and saliva samples was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The major phyla of the caries active dentinal microbiota were Firmicutes (median abundance value 33.5%) and Bacteroidetes (23.2%), with Neisseria (10.3%) being the most abundant genus, followed by Prevotella (10%). The caries-active salivary microbiota was dominated by Proteobacteria (median abundance value 38.2%) and Bacteroidetes (27.8%) with the most abundant genus being Neisseria (16.3%), followed by Porphyromonas (9.5%). Caries microbiota samples were characterized by high relative abundance of Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella spp., Bifidobacterium and Scardovia spp.ConclusionsDistinct differences between the caries microbiota and saliva microbiota were identified, with separation of both salivary groups (caries-active and caries-free) whereby rare taxa were highlighted. While the caries microbiota was less diverse than the salivary microbiota, the presence of these rare taxa could be the difference between health and disease in these children.
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Project description:BackgroundEarly childhood caries is the most common infectious disease in childhood, with a high prevalence in developing countries. The assessment of the variables that influence early childhood caries as well as its pathophysiology leads to improved control of this disease. Cystatin S, as one of the salivary proteins, has an essential role in pellicle formation, tooth re-mineralization, and protection. The present study aims to assess salivary cystatin S levels and demographic data in early childhood caries in comparison with caries-free ones using statistical analysis and machine learning methods.MethodsA cross-sectional, case-control study was undertaken on 20 cases of early childhood caries and 20 caries-free children as a control. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected by suction. Cystatin S concentrations in samples were determined using human cystatin S ELISA kit. The checklist was collected from participants about demographic characteristics, oral health status, and dietary habits by interviewing parents. Regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were done to evaluate the potential role of cystatin S salivary level and demographic using statistical analysis and machine learning.ResultsThe mean value of salivary cystatin S concentration in the early childhood caries group was 191.55 ± 81.90 (ng/ml) and in the caries-free group was 370.06 ± 128.87 (ng/ml). T-test analysis showed a statistically significant difference between early childhood caries and caries-free groups in salivary cystatin S levels (p = 0.032). Investigation of the area under the curve (AUC) and accuracy of the ROC curve revealed that the logistic regression model based on salivary cystatin S levels and birth weight had the most and acceptable potential for discriminating of early childhood caries from caries-free controls. Furthermore, using salivary cystatin S levels enhanced the capability of machine learning methods to differentiate early childhood caries from caries-free controls.ConclusionSalivary cystatin S levels in caries-free children were higher than the children with early childhood caries. Results of the present study suggest that considering clinical examination, demographic and socioeconomic factors, along with the salivary cystatin S levels, could be usefull for early diagnosis ofearly childhood caries in high-risk children; furthermore, cystatin S is a protective factor against dental caries.
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Project description:BackgroundSevere early childhood caries (s-ECC), which has quite high prevalence among children, is a widespread problem with significant impacts among both developing and developed countries. At present, it is widely known that no early detective techniques and diagnostic tests could have high sensitivity and specificity when using for clinical screening of s-ECC. In this study, we had applied magnetic bead (MB)-based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to screen distinctive candidate biomarkers of this disease, so as to establish protein profiles and diagnostic models of s-ECC.MethodsFirstly, we used the technique mentioned above to detect specifically expressed peptides in saliva samples from ten children with s-ECC, separately at the time point of before, 1 and 4 weeks after dental treatment. Then a diagnostic model for s-ECC was established with the K nearest-neighbour method, which was validated in another six children in the next stage of study. After that, linear ion trap-orbitrap-mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) was performed to identify which of the proteins in saliva might be the origination of these peptides.ResultsWe found that seven peptide peaks were significantly different when comparing the three time points, among them two were higher, while other five were lower in the pre-treatment s-ECC group compared with post-treatment. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic model we built were both 83.3 %. Two of these peptides were identified to be segments of histatin-1, which was one important secretory protein in saliva.ConclusionsHereby we confirmed that MB-based MALDI-TOF MS is an effective method for screening distinctive peptides from the saliva of junior patients with s-ECC, and histatin-1 may probably be one important candidate biomarker of this common dental disease. These findings might have bright prospect in future in establishing new diagnostic methods for s-ECC.
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Project description:The aim of this study was to investigate the variation of the salivary microbiota in the recurrence of early childhood caries (ECC), and to explore and verify the potential microbial indicators of ECC recurrence. Saliva samples from kindergarten children were tracked every 6 months for 1 year. Finally, in total 28 children and 84 samples were placed on the analysis phase: 7 children with ECC recurrence made up the ECC-recurrence (ER) group, 6 children without ECC recurrence constituted the non-ECC-recurrence (NER) group, and 15 children who kept ECC-free were set as the ECC-free (EF) group. DNA amplicons of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rDNA were generated and sequencing was performed using Illumina MiSeq PE250 platform. No statistically significant differences of the Shannon indices were found in both cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons. Furthermore, both principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and heatmap plots demonstrated that the salivary microbial community structure might have potentiality to predict ECC recurrence at an early phase. The relative abundance of Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Leptotrichia, and Capnocytophaga differed significantly between the ER and NER groups at baseline. The values of area under the curve (AUC) of the four genera and their combined synthesis in the prediction for ECC recurrence were 0.857, 0.833, 0.786, 0.833, and 0.952, respectively. The relative abundance of Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Leptotrichia, and Capnocytophaga and their combination showed satisfactory accuracy in the prediction for ECC recurrence, indicating that salivary microbiome had predictive potentiality for recurrence of this disease. These findings might facilitate more effective strategy to be taken in the management of the recurrence of ECC.
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Project description:To construct a saliva-based caries risk assessment model, saliva samples from 176 severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) children and 178 healthy (H) children were screened by real-time PCR-based quantification of the selected species, including Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella pallens, Prevotella denticola and Lactobacillus fermentum. Host factors including caries status, dmft indices, age, gender, and geographic origin were assessed in their influence on abundance of the targeted species, which revealed host caries status as the dominant factor, followed by dmft indices (both P?<?0.01). Moreover, levels of S. mutans and P. denticola in the S-ECC group were significantly higher than those in the healthy group (P?<?0.001 for S. mutans and P?<?0.01 for P. denticola). Interestingly, the co-occurrence network of these targeted species in the S-ECC group differed from that from the healthy group. Finally, based on the combined change pattern of S. mutans and P. pallens, we constructed an S-ECC diagnosis model with an accuracy of 72%. This saliva-based caries diagnosis model is of potential value for circumstances where sampling dental plague is difficult.
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Project description:Early childhood caries (ECC) is a largely preventable condition that occurs when children develop caries in their primary teeth before the age of six. National trends of ECC indicate that prevalence is decreasing, but disparities between various sociodemographic groups may be increasing, despite intervention efforts. Dynamic mechanisms in caries development are hypothesized to be responsible for the observed population distributions of disease. Agent-based models (ABMs) have been utilized to explore similar hypotheses in many areas of health research. Therefore, we developed an ABM of ECC development mechanisms and examined population outcomes of hypothetical preventive intervention scenarios. We found that risk-based targeting had minimal impact on population averages or disparities and was largely due to the strength of the dynamic mechanisms among those considered to be at high caries risk. Universally increasing intervention access reduced population caries prevalence, but increased disparities between different groups of caries risk profiles. We show that population distributions of ECC can emerge as a result of dynamic mechanisms that have been shown to drive disease development. Understanding the effectiveness of a proposed intervention in relation to the hypothesized mechanism(s) that contributes to the outcome of interest is critical to future efforts to address population disparities in ECC.
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Project description:ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between feeding practices and early childhood caries using representative Korean national survey data.MethodsData of 2772 children (aged 1-3 years) from the fourth to seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007-2018) were analysed. Data on decayed-filled teeth (dft) were obtained, and early childhood caries was determined as dft ≥1. Chi-squared test was performed to examine the experiencing of dental caries by participant characteristics, whilst analysis of variance was performed to compare the difference in dft values amongst the 3 groups (breast-feeding, mixed-feeding, and formula-feeding groups). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between feeding practice and early childhood caries.ResultsComparison of the mean dft values amongst the 3 groups showed the highest value in the breast-feeding group. Multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that the likelihood of experiencing dental caries was significantly lower in the mixed-feeding group than in the breast-feeding group, whereas no significant difference was seen between the formula-feeding and breast-feeding groups. The likelihood of early childhood caries was higher in the group that introduced weaning food at ≥6 months than that at 4- to 6-month age, whilst the introduction of cow's milk and use of nutritional supplements had no significant association with the likelihood of early childhood caries.ConclusionsBreast-feeding and delayed introduction of weaning food were associated with a higher likelihood of early childhood caries.
| S-EPMC9275199 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dental caries (tooth decay) is an infectious disease. Its etiology is not fully understood from the microbiological perspective. This study characterizes the diversity of microbial flora in the saliva of children with and without dental caries. Children (3-4 years old) with caries (n = 20) and without caries (n = 20) were recruited. Unstimulated saliva (2 mL) was collected from each child and the total microbial genomic DNA was extracted. DNA amplicons of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were generated and subjected to Illumina Miseq sequencing. A total of 17 phyla, 26 classes, 40 orders, 80 families, 151 genera, and 310 bacterial species were represented in the saliva samples. There was no significant difference in the microbiome diversity between caries-affected and caries-free children (p > 0.05). The relative abundance of several species (Rothia dentocariosa, Actinomyces graevenitzii, Veillonella sp. oral taxon 780, Prevotella salivae, and Streptococcus mutans) was higher in the caries-affected group than in the caries-free group (p < 0.05). Fusobacterium periodonticum and Leptotrichia sp. oral clone FP036 were more abundant in caries-free children than in caries-affected children (p < 0.05). The salivary microbiome profiles of caries-free and caries-affected children were similar. Salivary counts of certain bacteria such as R. dentocariosa and F. periodonticum may be useful for screening/assessing children's risk of developing caries.
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Project description:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Bacterial invasion into pulps of primary teeth can lead to infection and premature tooth loss in children. This pilot study aimed to explore whether the microbiota of carious exposures of dental pulps resembles that of carious dentin or that of infected root canals. DESIGN:Children with severe early childhood caries were studied. Children were consented and extent of caries, plaque, and gingivitis measured. Bacteria were sampled from carious lesion biofilms and vital carious exposures of pulps, and processed by anaerobic culture. Isolates were characterized from partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and identified by comparison with taxa in the Human Oral Microbiome Database (http://www.HOMD.org). The microbiotas of carious lesions and dental pulps were compared using univariate and multivariate approaches. RESULTS:The microbiota of cariously exposed pulps was similar in composition to that of carious lesion biofilms except that fewer species/taxa were identified from pulps. The major taxa identified belonged to the phyla Firmicutes (mainly streptococci) and Actinobacteria (mainly Actinomyces species). Actinomyces and Selenomonas species were associated with carious lesions whereas Veillonella species, particularly Veillonella dispar was associated with pulps. Other bacteria detected in pulps included Streptococcus mutans, Parascardovia denticolens, Bifidobacterium longum, and several Lactobacillus and Actinomyces species. By principal, component analysis pulp microbiotas grouped together, whereas those in caries biofilms were widely dispersed. CONCLUSIONS:We conclude that the microbiota of cariously exposed vital primary pulps is composed of a subset of species associated with carious lesions. Vital primary pulps had a dominant Firmicutes and Actinobacteria microbiota which contrasts with reports of endodontic infections which can harbor a gram-negative microbiota. The microbiota of exposed primary pulps may provide insight into bacterial species at the forefront of caries invasion in dentinal lesions that can invade into the pulp and the nature of species that need suppressing for successful pulp therapy.
| S-EPMC4317471 | biostudies-literature